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Anatomia 1 (2013) > Articulaciones > Flashcards

Articulaciones Flashcards

1
Q

Functional Classification of Joints

A

1) Synarthroses (syn = together; arthro = joint): immovable joints 2) Amphiarthroses (amphi = on both sides): slightly movable 3) Diarthroses (dia = through, apart): freely movable

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2
Q

Diarthroses

A

dia = through, apart; arthro = joint freely movable. ex. in the limbs

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3
Q

Synarthroses

A

syn = together; arthro = joint immovable joints ex. in the Axial skeleton

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4
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

amphi = on both sides slightly movable ex. in the Axial skeleton

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5
Q

Structural classification of Joints

A

1) Fibrous = (Suture, Syndesmosis, Gomphosis) 2) Cartilaginous = (Synchondrosis, Symphysis) 3) Synovial = (Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condylar, Saddle, Ball and socket)

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6
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Bone ends / parts united by collagen fibers 1) Suture = short fibers / immobile (Synarthrosis) 2) Syndesmosis, = longer fibers / slightly movable (amphiarthrosis) & immobile 3) Gomphosis = periodontal ligament / immobile (synarthrosis)

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7
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Bone ends / parts united by cartillage

1) Synchondrosis = hyaline cartilage / immobile (synarthrosis)
2) Symphysis = fibrocartilage / slightly movable (Amphiarthrosis).

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8
Q

Ligament (attachment)

A

Ligaments attach from bone to bone (Likes to likes)

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9
Q

Tendons (attachment)

A

Attach from bone to muscle

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10
Q

Gliding movements

A

when flat bone surfaces glide or slide over one another. Occur at cartilaginous joints; Ex. = intervertebral discs and sternoclavicular joints.

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11
Q

Angular movements (def)

A

changes in angles between bones; occur only at synovial joints.

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12
Q

Angular movements (types)

A
  1. Flexion 2. Dorsiflexion 3. Plantar flexion 4. Extension 5. Hyperextension 6. Abduction 7. Adduction 8. Circumduction 9. Rotation
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13
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle between 2 bones. Ex= head toward chest.

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14
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bringing foot closer to shin

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15
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Pointing one’s toe (flexion toward the sole).

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16
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle between 2 bones. Ex. = straightening a flexed neck

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17
Q

Hyperextension

A

Increasing the angle greater than 180o

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18
Q

Abduction

A

Moving a limb away from the midline. Ex = raising arm or thigh laterally;

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19
Q

Adduction

A

moving a limb toward the midline

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20
Q

Circumduction

A

Moving a limb in a circular (cone-shaped) manner. Ex: A pitcher winding up to throw a ball is actually moving his or her pitching arm in a circular position.

21
Q

Rotation

A

turning movement of a bone along its long axis. Ex. = atlas over axis (i.e. “just say no”), shoulder and hip joint.

22
Q

Special Movements

A

1) supination / pronation 2) inversion / eversion 3) elevation / depression 4) protraction / retraction

23
Q

supination / pronation

A

movements between the radius and ulna at the proximal radioulnar joint Ex. thumb up = supination; thumb down = pronation;

24
Q

inversion / eversion

A

movement of foot; Ex. sole inward = inversion; sole out = eversion

25
elevation / depression
shoulder shrug = elevation; mandible in opening mouth = depression.
26
protraction / retraction
thrust forward = protraction, pull back = retraction
27
General structure of synovial joints
28
Knee joint labeled
29
Knee joint labeled
30
Knee joint labeled
31
Identify tissue, parts and location
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium (lumen, basement membrane, nuclei) (ovary surface, kidney tubules, ducts of small glands)
32
Identify tissue, parts and location.
Simple Culumnar epithelium (nucleus, basement membrane, goblet cells) (non-ciliated lines the digestive tract (stomach to rectum), gallblader; Ciliated lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, uterus)
33
Identify tissue, parts and location
Simple Squamos epithelium (nucleus, basement membrane, lumen) (air sacs of lungs, kidney gomerulli, lining of heart, blood vessels)
34
Identify tissue, parts and location
Simple Squamos epithelium ## Footnote (nucleus, basement membrane, lumen) (air sacs of lungs, kidney gomerulli, lining of heart, blood vessels)
35
Identify tissue, parts and location
Stratified Squamous keritanized epithelium (keratin layer, layers of dead cells (stratum granulosum), layer of keratinocytes (stratum spinosum), basement membrane) Epidermis of skin
36
Identify tissue, parts and location
Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium (layers of squamous cells, basement membrane) (moist lining of vagina, esophagus, mouth)
37
Identify tissue, parts and location
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (nucleus, basement membrane, goblet cells and cilia) (Trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract)
38
Identify tissue, parts and location
Transitional epithelium (resembles both stratified squamous and cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shape or squamouslike), Basement membrane, connective tissue (ureters, bladder, part of the urethra)
39
Identify tissue, parts and location
Osteon, Haversian canal, Osteocytes in lacuna, volkman's (perforating) canal, lamellae, canaliculi
40
Identify tissue, parts and location
Loose connective Tissue (adipose) cytoplasmic rim of adipocytes, nucleus, vauoles (occupied by lipid droplets)
41
Identify tissue, parts and location
Loose Connective tissue (areolar) (fibroblast nuclei, elastic fibers, collagen fibers, ground substance) (surrounds capillaries, lamina propia of mucous membranes, packages organs)
42
Identify tissue, parts and location
Dense regular Connective Tissue (Fibroblast nuclei, collagen fibers woven, elastic fibers occupy free space) (Tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses)
43
Identify tissue, parts and location
Dense Irregular Connective tissue (nuclei of fibroblast, collagen bundles in masses, irregular arranged in various directions) (dermis of the skin, fibrous capsules of organs and joints)
44
Identify tissue, parts and location
White Fibrous Connective Tissue (Dense regular) (Fibroblasts flattened in rows, collagen fibers in parallel bundles) (The Eyes - the sclera, bursa)
45
Identify tissue, parts and location
Hyaline Cartilage (Chondrocytes in lacuna, homogeneous matrix) (embrionic skeleton, covers ends of long bones in joint cavities; costal cartilage, nose, trachea, larynx)
46
Identify tissue, parts and location
Elastic Cartilage (Chondrocytes in lacuna, matrix with elastic fibers) (external ear (pinna), epiglottis)
47
Identify tissue, parts and location
Fibrocartilage (similar to Hyaline cartilage) (Chondrocytes in train like row, collagen fibers in matrix (wavy and parallel in arrangement), (intervertebral disc, pubic symphysis, meniscst)
48
Identify tissue, parts
Blood smear - Wright's stain (Erithrocytes, white blood cells, platelets)

Anatomia 1 (2013) (10 decks)

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