Bone Physiology Flashcards
Periosteum
covers bone surface
Perichondrium
covers cartilage surface (vascularized CT)
Bone:
mineralized tissue with internal blood supply
Cartilage:
elastic tissue with no internal blood supply
Bone marrow:
produces circulating blood cells including periosteoclasts
Osteoclasts
resorb bone
Osteoblasts
form bone
Osteoid:
specialized bone matrix, collagen and ground substance that is mineralizes
Cement substance:
mononuclear cells coat resorbed surface so new bone can attach
Bone turnover:
resorbed cavity refilled/replaced with new bone
Malocclusion
abnormal bite
Hyaline cartilage vs. fibrocartilage:
Hyaline: relatively translucent matrix
Fibrocartilage: tough, fibrous tissue matrix with no growth potential and produced by compressively loaded periosteum – load-bearing
Explain how bone and cartilage grows
Cartilage goes interstitially and appositionally while bone only grows appositionally
Chemical formula of hydroxyapatite:
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
Why dentists should study bone physiology:
Teeth and bones are related mineralized structures
Bone support dentition
Tooth loss is due to mineralized tissue diseases
Most disease is an aberration of physiology
Uniqueness of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ):
Only joint capable of structural adaptation and regeneration
Joint with bilateral mobility
Has articular periosteum
Explain how mechanical loading of the jaws dictates facial form
Increase loading of jaws causes short, wide faces with a founded Md plane
Decreased loading of jaws cause narrow long face and steep Md plane
Etiology of malocclusion
Primarily environmental
