Bone pathology Flashcards
What is osteosarcoma?
Most common type of cancer that starts in the bones.
Most common in children/teenagers with most first presentation around the knee.
Blood test –> Alkaline phosphate
What is a chrondosarcoma?
A cancer composed of cells derived from transformed cells that produce cartilage.
Incidence increases with age
What is Ewing’s sarcoma?
A rare cancer that can form in bone and soft tissue.
More common in children/teenager with diaphyseal location.
Blood tests –> LDH, ESR, CRP
What is a chordoma?
A rare type of cancerous tumour that can occur anywhere along the spine, from the base of the skull to the tailbone.
Grow slowly, gradually extending into the bone and soft tissue around them.
What is achondroplasia?
A disorder of bone growth that prevents the changing of cartilage to bone.
Characterised by dwarfism, limited range of motion at the elbows, macrocephaly, small fingers, and normal intelligence.
Mutation of FGFR3 gene on chromosome 4.
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
Also known as brittle bone disease
A group of genetic disorders that mainly affect the bones. It results in bones that break easily.
Genetic disorder of type 1 collagen that affects all connective tissue.
4 types most are autosomal dominant mutation of genes 7 and 17.
What is Paget’s disease?
Interferes with the body’s bone recycling process.
Increases osteoclasts and decreases osteoblasts.
Over time, the disease can cause affected bones to become fragile and misshapen.
