Bone Overview

Question 0

Wolff’s law

Answer 0

a bone, normal or abnormal, develops teh structure most suited to resist the forces acting upon it

Question 1

tissues of bone

Answer 1

cartilage
bone
bone marrow (fat + hemopoietic stem cells)
blood vessels
nerves

Question 2

if force is applied to the bone surface

Answer 2

the surface will respond with bone deposition

Question 3

if force is removed from a bone surface

Answer 3

the bone will be removed

Question 4

removing and deposition of bone is called

Answer 4

remodelling

Question 5

3 regions of long bone

Answer 5

epiphysis
metaphysis
diaphysis

Question 6

metaphysis and diaphysis are made from

Answer 6

thick cortical bone

Question 7

flat bones

Answer 7

skull, plevis, scapula

–mostly cortical, but can have a trabecular core

Question 8

cortical bone comprises

Answer 8

80% of skeleton

Question 9

cortical bone has

Answer 9

a slow turnover and is less elastic

Question 10

cortical bone is made of

Answer 10

packed Haversian systems (osteons) connected by Volkmann’s canals + interstial lamellae
-collagen fibers organized in parallel between a few cells

Question 11

cancellous bone aka

Answer 11

spony, trabecular

Question 12

cancellous bone has

Answer 12

high turnover, more elastic

Question 13

cancellous bone is made of

Answer 13

bony struts organized into a lose network

• ->these are highly porous and contain bone marrow; increase pores in osteoporosis
• usually in medualla
• rapidly deposited and does not require a cartilage template

Question 14

microscopic lavel

Answer 14

cortical and cancellous bone

Question 15

microscopic level

Answer 15

woven bone and lamellar bone

Question 16

woven bone

Answer 16

immature or pathological bone with randomly organized fibers (not stress-oriented)
–higher turnover (laid quickly) and higher osteocytes than lammellar

Question 17

woven bone in adults is always

Answer 17

pathological/fracture

Question 18

collagen in woven bone

Answer 18

not parallel, not as strong as lamellar

Question 19

lamellar bone is created by

Answer 19

removeling of woven bone (stress-oriented); stronger- less flexible, has < turnoverrate

Question 20

metabolic unit of bone

Answer 20

osteoclasts resorb bone, digesting mineral and organic matrix together
osteoblatss appear in resorption site and produce unmineralized organic matric with mineralization lagging slightly behind
mineralizaton completes procress

Question 21

osteoporosis

Answer 21

loss of total bone volume
cortical nad medullary bone become thinner and decrease in number
both mineral and organic matrix are equally effected; both are diminished

Question 22

osteomalacia

Answer 22

decrease bone secondary to mineralization

increased deposition of osteoid (unmineralized bone matrix)

Question 23

hyaline articular cartialge

Answer 23

lines the joint

does not grow after skeletal maturity and is different from physeal cartialge

Question 24

if you rip hylaine articular cartilage

Answer 24

it cannot repair–>replaced by fibrocartilage or bone once its damaged; serves as an excellent frictionless surface for the joint

Question 25

bone develops through two mechanisms

Answer 25

endochondrial ossification- cartilage present

membranous ossification- cartilage not present

Question 26

growth plate-

Answer 26

longitudinal growth that follows a cartilagenous template

Question 27

zones of bone

Answer 27

epiphysis
reserve zone
zone of prolifer
zone of hypertrophy
primary spongiosa