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Anatomy and Phisyology test 2 > Bone histology > Flashcards

Bone histology Flashcards

1
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft or central part of a long bone.

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2
Q

Metaphysis

A

The wide part of a long bone between the epiphysis and the narrow diaphysis.

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3
Q

Epiphysis

A

The end part of a long bone. Initially growing separately from the shape.

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4
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Central cavity where the red or yellow bone marrow is stored.

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5
Q

Red Marrow

A

Where red blood cells and most white blood cells are formed.

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6
Q

Yellow Marrow

A

Made up of adipose tissue.

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7
Q

Articulate Cartilage

A

Smooth CT that covers the ends of bones where they come together to for joints.

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8
Q

Osteocytes

A

A mature bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted. Lives in the lacunae. Communicate via canaliculi. Can build or break down bone.

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9
Q

Osteoblast

A

A cell that secrets the matrix for bone formation.

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10
Q

Osteoclasts

A

A cell that absorbs bone tissue during growing and healing. Releases Ca.

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11
Q

Osteoprogenitor Cells

A

A mesenchymal cell that differentiates into an osteoblast.

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12
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

Ca5(PO4)6(OH)

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13
Q

Trabecular

A

Bone spikes of spongy bone.

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14
Q

Appositional growth

A

Occurs when the cartilage model also grows in thickness due to the addition of more extracellular matrix on the peripheral cartilage.

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15
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

The process that uses hyaline cartilage as a model for long bone formation.

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16
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Cartilage is not present. Mesenchyme differentiation.

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17
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

Hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis. Found in children and young adults

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18
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

The epiphyseal plate is replaced with the line when growing is complete.

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19
Q

PTH, parathyroid hormone

A

Is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands. It important in bone remodeling.

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20
Q

Calcitonin

A

Controls the Ca and K levels.

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21
Q

Transverse fracture

A

When broken pice of bone is at a right angle to the bone axis.

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22
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Foot stays planted rest of body moves.

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23
Q

Displaced fracture

A

The bone breaks in two or more parts.

24
Q

Compression fracture

A

Caused by loss of bone mass.

25
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

When one side of the bone is broken but the other side is just bent.

26
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

A break or splinter of a bone in two or more places. Cause by considerable force.

27
Q

Pott’s fracture

A

Caused by a combined abduction external rotation from an eversion force.

28
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

A fracture of the lower end of the radius in the wristwatch a backward displacement of the hand.

29
Q

Axial Skeletal system function

A
  1. Support

2. Protection

30
Q

Appendicular skeleton function

A
  1. Support

2. Movement

31
Q

Physiological function of the skeleton

A
  1. Electrolyte balance: Ca and P ions.

2. Acid-base homeostasis: buffering with PO4 3- and CO3 2-

32
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Is the process of creating new blood cells in the body.

33
Q

Bone shapes

A
  1. Long bones EX. Leg bones
  2. Short bones EX. Wrist bones
  3. Flat bone EX. Sternum
  4. Irregular bones EX. Vertebra
34
Q

Axial skeleton

A
  1. Head
  2. Vertebra
  3. Ribs
35
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Bones of limbs and girdle(shoulder,hip)

36
Q

Compact bone

A

80% of skeleton. Dense.

37
Q

Spongy bone

A

Found in the epiphysis of long bones. Weight saving!

38
Q

Flat bone gross structure

A
  1. Two thin layers of compact bone surrounding spongy bone.

2. Formed via interamembranous ossification.

39
Q

Dipole

A

Spongy cancellous bone separating the inner and outer layers of the cortical of the skull.

40
Q

What is bone?

A

It is CT!

41
Q

Bone precursor

A

Mesenchymal

42
Q

Bone composition

A
  1. Cells
  2. Ground substance
  3. Fibers
43
Q

Osteoid

A

The unmineralized, organic portion of the bone matrix the forms prior to the maturation of bone tissue.

44
Q

Osteolysis

A

Breaking down of bone tissue.

45
Q

Osteogenic cells

A
  1. Derived from mesencyme
  2. Only bone cell that can divide.
  3. Critical for growth and repair
  4. Mesencyme->osteogenic cells->osteocytes->osteocytes
46
Q

Bone Ground substance

A
  1. Hydroxyapatite
  2. Calcium and phosphate salt
  3. Crystalline structure
  4. Gives bone it rigidity
  5. Found in tooth enamel
  6. Subject to demineralization
47
Q

Bone fibers

A

Collagen: gives bones flexibility.

48
Q

Bone remodeling

A
  1. Bone tissue removed: bone resorption

2. Bone tissue formed: new bone formation

49
Q

Endochondral ossification

Step 1

A

Cartilage model

  1. Early embryonic life
  2. Cartilage
  3. Model grown
  4. Calcification
50
Q

Endochondral ossification

Step 2

A

Perichondrium

  1. Blood vessels encircle cartilage model
  2. Osteoblast differentiation
  3. Bone layer produced
  4. Periosteum
51
Q

Endochondral ossification

Step 3

A

Primary center of ossification established

  1. Blood vessels penetrate
  2. Primary centerof ossification begins
  3. More ossification
52
Q

Endochondral ossification

Part 4

A

Medullary cavity established

1. Spongy bone eroded by osteoclasts.

53
Q

Endochondral ossification

Step 5

A

Secondary centers of ossification

1. After birth, at epiphyseal

54
Q

Endochondral ossification

Step 6

A

Maturity

  1. Spongy bone in epiphyses.
  2. Articulate cartilage remains.
  3. Growth continues until epiphyseal plate ossified.
55
Q

Interamembranous ossification
Bones of the skull and part of the clavicle.
Step 1

A

Mesencyme clustering

  1. Formation of osteoid
  2. Differentiation into osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
56
Q

Interamembranous ossification

Step 2

A

Compact bone formation

Aged by trapped vessels

Anatomy and Phisyology test 2 (7 decks)

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