Bone grafts and Substitutes

Question 1

Which is not an aspect of mesenchymal differentiation
Chondrocytes
Adipocyte
Myocyte
Epithelial cell

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which is false?
A BMP-2 is a transforming growth factor
B TGF-B is ubiquitous in the embryo and adult
C Carriers for BMP-2 that are most efficacious are absorbable collagen sponge
D Bone morphogenetic proteins are insoluble and therefore need a carrier to be effective.

Answer 2

D soluble

Question 3

Which is true?
A TGF-B has a critical role in angiogenesis.
B Mutation in BMP-2 leads to defect in endochondral ossification.
C Growth hormone–releasing hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and causes the production of growth hormone by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, which leads to release of FGF.
D IGF is needed for bone lengthening

Answer 3

D true

A (FGF)
B (FGF)
C (IGF)

Question 4

Name the properties of grafts and define each:

C-PIG
Sloppily Eat (Raspberry) IceCream

Answer 4

Osteoconduction - Scaffold for MSCs
Osteopromotion - Enhances regenerating bone e.g. PRP
Osteoinduction - Induce bone formation, Recruit MSCs and induce multipotent cells to multiply e.g. Demineralized bone matrix
Osteogenesis - supplies and supports bone-forming Cells e.g. Cancellous bone graft

Question 5

What graft has all 4 osteopromotive,conductive,inductive, genesis?

Answer 5

autogenous cancellous bone graft

Question 6

Which of the following is true with regards to allograft-based bone?
A Allografts are often rejected due to immunogenic reaction with periosteum, muscle, blood cells, and bone marrow.
B Both osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties, without osteogenic cells in fresh autogenous bone graft
C Reactions are common, especially in human medicine
D When making veterinary allograft the samples are cultured once, and then packaged for distribution

Answer 6

B is true

A (false- processing removes these things)
C (35 in 10 million)
D (quarantined, cultured, processed, cultured, packaged, cultured)

Question 7

Which of the following is false?
A Most tissue banks use high doses of radiation which is necessary to provide terminal sterilization
B Creeping substitution is the process of vascular penetration into grafts material, and resorption and substitution
C Demineralized bone powder provides osteoinduction, and is effective when used with cancellous bone chips that are osteoconductive
D Mixing blood or bone marrow with demineralized bone matrix augments by providing progenitor cells

Answer 7

A (its low)

B true = proactive substitution
“classic” creeping substitution associated with cortical allografts

Question 8

Restoration occurs more completely in proximal region of humerus (__wks) than proximal tibia (__ wks);

Answer 8

humerus 8; tibia 12

Question 9

What is the ideal pore size for a ceramic synthetic material for bone graft? name an example.

Answer 9

300-500 um

Calicium phosphate ceramic

Question 10

Which of the following is true about synthetic bone grafts?
A. Tricalcium phophate is more slowly absorbed than hydroxyapatite
B. Nanocrystalline Calicum phosphate hardens with an exothermic reaction
C. Calcium sulfate = plaster of Paris and is not suitable for structural support
D. Hydrogels do not mix well with growth factors

Answer 10

C. True: rapidly absorbed
A. rapidly
B. endothermic
D. compatible with growth factors