Anatomy

Question 1

Does the proximal ulnar growth plate contribute to ulnar length?

Answer 1

No- olecranon
Some breeds ( GSD, greyhounds) have separate ossification center at anconeal process

Question 2

What nerves do you avoid with arthroscopy of the elbow?

Answer 2

Medial portals
median nerve more cranial
ulnar nerve more caudal

Question 3

What nerves/ structures do you avoid with arthroscopy of the carpus?

Answer 3

superficial radial nerve w/ cranial superficial antebrachial artery and cephalic vein
CDE and lateral digital extensor

Question 4

Name the carpal bones (7)?

Answer 4

intermedioradialcarpal
ulnar
accessory
CI-IV

Question 5

what bones does the palmar fibrocartilage incorporate?

Answer 5

Attached to all the proximal carpal bones, C1-C4, and the proximal palmar aspect of the base of metacarpals III-V
NOT the accessory carpal bone

Question 6

Where is the most common location for carpal hyperextension injury

Answer 6

Carpometacarpal joint most common location for hyperextension injury

Question 7

Where does the carpal flexor retinaculum extend?

Answer 7

FR: Extends from medial aspect of the accessory carpal bone to the radial styloid process and distally to the intermedioradial and C1

Question 8

What is ectrodactyly?

Answer 8

split in metacarpal bone , a cleft between metacarpal bones

Question 9

name the bones of the tarsus (7)

Answer 9

talus
calcaneus
central tarsal
TI-IV

Question 10

Name arteries that supply the pes (2)? veins?

Answer 10

cranial tibial artery –> dorsal pedal
plantar branch of the saphenous artery
(medial and lateral saphenous veins)

Question 11

what are the cutaneous sensory innervations of the pes?

Answer 11

Femoral –> saphenous = dorsomedial skin
Tibial –> plantar surface and lateral digit V
peroneal –> dorsal

Question 12

what are the cutaneous innervations to the manus?

Answer 12

radial –> dorsomedial
Ulnar –> caudal+ digit 5 lateral aspect
(musculocutaneous –> proximal/medial brachium)

Question 13

What % or tarsal ROM is at the calcanealcrural joint?

Answer 13

90%

Question 14

Name articulations of the tarsus (6)

Answer 14

Row 1: tarsocrural
Row 2: talocalcaneal, talocalcaneocentral
centrodistal
Row 3: calcaneoquartal, tarsometatarsal

Question 15

What is the most substantial supporting ligament of the tarsus? when is it taught, when is it loose? ( in dogs)

Answer 15

Short part of medial collateral (tibiotalar)

loose in extension, tight in flexion

Question 16

Which lateral collateral ligament is tight in flexion in the tarsus in dogs?

Answer 16

talofibular = primary support in flexion

Question 17

What ligaments are tight in extension, loose in flexion in the dog?

Answer 17

superficial medial collateral
tibiocentral short medial collateral
long lateral collateral, short calcaneofibular

Question 18

what’s different about the cat’s tarsal ligaments?

Answer 18

no long ligaments
medial = oblique tibiotalar* and straight talocentral
lateral = calcaneofibular and talofibular*

Question 19

Racing greyhounds are susceptible to what kind of fractures?

Answer 19

Type IV central tarsal bone fractures (right) medial slab with dorsal slab
accessory carpal bone (right side in80%)

Question 20

what muscles compose the achilles tendon?

Go grab big fat strawberries (stat:D)

Answer 20

Gastrocnemius
gracilis
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
(SDF)

Question 21

What are rotator muscles of the hip?
OGQ
PMD

Answer 21

External/Lateral rotation = internal and external obturator, gemelli, quadratus femoris
(sciatic and obturator inervation)
Internal = Medial rotation = middle and deep gluteal, piriformis
(cranial gluteal innervation)

Question 22

Name the stabilizers of the shoulder joint (muscles) 5

Answer 22

Medially = subscapularis, coracobrachialis
(subscapular + musculocutaneous n.)
laterally = infraspinatus, teres minor
(suprascapular+ axillary n)
cranially = supraspinatus
suprascapular

Question 23

Medial shoulder rotation (2)

Answer 23

subscapularis and teres major