Bone Diseases Revision Questions Flashcards
Arthritis
inflammation of joints
Arthrosis
Non inflammation joint disease
Arthralgia
joint pain
3 main features of bone
load bearing
dynamic
self repairing
Osteoclasts
bone is removed by them
Osteoblasts
bone deposisted by them
Function of parathyroid hormone
maintains serum calcium level - raised if calcium levels fall
reduces renal calcium excretion
increases calcium -relased from bone
Hypothyroidism
low serum caclium due to thyroidectomy or autoimmune destruction of PT gland
lead to symptoms associated with hypoglycamia
Signs of hypocalcaemia
paraesthesia - numbness and tingling around mouth
muscle cramping in limbs
Chvostck’s sign - palpation of parotid region may result in undue exicitation of facial nerve and contraction of facial muscles
Trosseau’s sign - pinching of finger and thumb into a point
Bisphosphonates
Prevent rate of bone loss
Act by preventing osteoclast action and reducting their number
if reduced osteoclasts, less bone can be removed and therefore bone mass will be preserved
Vit D produced from
sunlight, orange juice, fish
processed by liver and kidneys
Osteomalacia
bone is formed noramally but poorly mineralised osteoid matrix
happens after bone formation
bowly legs
vertebral compression
muscle weakness
facial twitiching and carpal muscle spasm from VII trapping
Treatment for Osteomalacia
if malnurition - correct GI issues
increase sunlight exposure
dietary Vit D
Rickets
happens during bone formation
childhood Vit D deficinecy
bowly legs, soft bones, characterstics skeletal deformitites
Osteoprosis
mineral and matrix of bone correct but a reduced quantitiy
risk factors - age, sex, genetic, smoking, excess alcohol use, inacitivity, poor diet, early menopause
