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Anatomy and Physiology AS > Bone and Joint Disorders > Flashcards

Bone and Joint Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

A common bone disorder that is caused by low bone density and a deterioration of bone tissue. The bone weakens and is prone to fractures.

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2
Q

What types of sport are not good for people with osteoporosis?

A

Contact or impact sports

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3
Q

What type of people are prone to getting osteoporosis?

A

Any age or gender can be affected by it

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4
Q

What is the best defense against osteoporosis?

A

Physical activity and a healthy diet as they build strong and healthy bones

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5
Q

What helps to minimise the risk of getting the risk of osteoporosis in later life?

A

High peak bone density

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6
Q

How can high impact activity have a positive effect during early life?

A

It helps to increase peak bone density so it helps the bones to develop as strong healthy bones

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7
Q

What is growth plate?

A

It is the delicate area found between the shaft and either end of the long bone in children and adolescents. When the growth plate completely closes it is replaced by solid bone.

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8
Q

When is injury to the growth plate more common?

A

In young people because it is the weakest area of the growing skeleton

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9
Q

What types of activities are most likely to cause injuries to the growth plate?

A

Competitive, impact, competitive and repetitive sports

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10
Q

What type of disorder is osteoporosis?

A

Bone disorder

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11
Q

What type of disorder is growth plate?

A

Bone disorder

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12
Q

What type of disorder is osteoarthritis?

A

Joint disorder

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13
Q

What type of disorder is joint stability?

A

Joint disorder

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14
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

A joint disease caused by the loss of articular cartilage at the end of the long bone joints, which causes swelling, pain and reduces motion

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15
Q

What does the articular cartilage do?

A

It absorbs shock, releases synovial fluid and prevents friction between the bone

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16
Q

What effect can repetitive physical activity have on joints in gaining osteoarthritis?

A

They can cause wear and tear on the articular cartilage which causes joint pain and swelling

17
Q

What risk factors are there of getting osteoarthritis?

A

A major injury to a joint and being overweight

18
Q

What effect will the risk factors have on the joint?

A

They will cause excessive mechanical strain and will contribute to wear and tear of the articular cartilage

19
Q

What activities are closely linked with getting osteoarthritis?

A

Physical activity that involves large and abrupt forces

20
Q

How can physical activity have a positive effect on osteoarthritis?

A

If the frequency, intensity and duration is carefully managed

21
Q

What effect will losing weight have on the chance of getting osteoarthritis?

A

It will decrease the chance as less weight pushing on the joints will reduce mechanical strain

22
Q

How can regular activity improve joint stability?

A

By strengthening the muscles and joints and to maintain joint mobility

23
Q

What is joint stability?

A

How stable the joint is

24
Q

Why is joint stability an important factor of lifelong involvement in physical activity?

A

A stable joint can be constantly stretched and compressed without injury

25
Q

What types of joints are the most stable joints and why?

A

Deeper joints as they have a large surface area of connecting bones

26
Q

How does the ligaments affect joint stability?

A

The more ligaments in the joint the greater its stability

27
Q

What is a disadvantage of having more ligaments?

A

They are not very elastic which means they are prone to stretching and snapping

28
Q

How do the muscles affect joint stability?

A

The muscle helps to keep the tendons around the joint tightly

29
Q

How does exercise affect joint stability?

A

It strengthens the joints

30
Q

What happens to the joint stability without exercise?

A

Th ligaments shorten and become less elastic making them more prone to injury and the muscle tone will lose stability

31
Q

What type of physical activity will reduce the joint stability?

A

Impact and contact sports can lead to ligament damage and dislocation

32
Q

Where in the skeletal system is responsible for posture?

A

The trunk area (multifidis and transverse abdominals)

33
Q

How does aerobic exercise control posture and alignment?

A

It will control body weight meaning that there is less strain on the muscles

Anatomy and Physiology AS (9 decks)

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