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Chemistry > Bonding, Structure And Property Of Matter > Flashcards

Bonding, Structure And Property Of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

How are ions made

A

When electrons are transferred between elements

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2
Q

What are ions

A

Charged particles they can single or groups of atoms they can gain and lose electrons to form ions

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3
Q

If 2 ions are gained what is the charge

A

2-

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4
Q

If 2 ions are lost what is the charge

A

2+

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5
Q

What do group 1 and 2 metals do

A

They lose electrons and form positive ions

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6
Q

What do group 6 and 7 elements do

A

They gain electrons to form negative ions

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7
Q

What is an ionic compound

A

A compound that only contains ionic bonds

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8
Q

What is the structure of an ionic compound

A

Giant ionic lattice

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9
Q

What are the properties of an ionic compound

A

High melting point needs lots of electricity to overcome
High boiling point needs lots of electricity to overcome
Solid and can’t conduct electricity
Carry current when they melt
Dissolve in water to carry current

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10
Q

What’s the use of a dot and cross diagram

A

So you can count up the amount of atoms in an element

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11
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

When atoms share electrons so that they both have full outer shells

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12
Q

Why are the bonds strong

A

The atoms are attracted by electrostatic forces

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13
Q

Properties of a covalent bond

A

Strong covalent bonds with weak attraction between molecules.
Low melting and boiling points as they are easily parted.
Liquid or gas at room temperature.
If the molecule is bigger it needs more energy to break.
They don’t conduct electricity so they don’t have free electrons.

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14
Q

What is a polymer

A

A long molecule with repeating structure and are joined by covalent bonds

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15
Q

Why is more energy needed to break polymers

A

The intermolecular forces are larger meaning they are solid at room temperature

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16
Q

What are giant covalent structures

A

Structures where all atoms are bonded by strong covalent bonds

17
Q

Properties of giant covalent structures

A

Very high boiling point and lots of energy is needed to break the bonds.
Don’t conduct electricity (except graphite)

18
Q

What is the structure of diamond

A

Each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds in a rigid giant covalent structure

19
Q

What is the structure of graphite

A

Each carbon atom forms 3 layers of covalent bonds. Each carbon has atom has one free electron (so can act as charge carrier)

20
Q

What is the state of carbon

A

Giant covalent structure made of 4 covalent bonds making it really hard.
The strong bonds take lots of energy to break the the diamond.
Doesn’t conduct electricity because it has no free electrons or ions.

21
Q

What is the state of graphite

A

Three covalent bonds creating three sheets.
Aren’t any bonds between layers so this is weak bonding so they can move move on each other this makes it soft and slippery.
Has a high melting point and needs lots of energy to break.
One electron is free so can act as a charge carrier.

22
Q

State of graphene (one layer of graphite)

A

Sheet of carbon atoms joined together.
Very strong and light can be added to composite materials to improve strength without weight.
Has a free electron.

23
Q

Most metals are

A

Solid at room temperature.
Good conductors if electricity and heat.
Malleable.

24
Q

What is metallic bonding

A

The structure of of electrons which involves all of those which are free

25
Q

What are the 3 stars of matter

A

Solids
Liquids
Gases

26
Q

Solids

A

Strong forces of attraction between particles which hold in fixed positions.
Particles vibrate in their position.

27
Q

Liquids

A

Weak forces of attraction which means everything is free to move past each other and they tend to stay close.
Particles move constantly in a random motion and the hotter the liquid the faster the movement.

28
Q

Gases

A

Very weak forces between forces between particles so they are free to move and are far apart and they travel in straight lines
Particles move constantly with a random motion the hotter the gas the faster they move.

29
Q

What are the state symbols

A

Solid-s
Liquid-l
Gas-g
Aqueous-aq

Chemistry (9 decks)

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