Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is an atom

Answer 1

An atom is a tiny particle that makes up all matter

Question 2

What is an element

Answer 2

An element is a substance made up of atoms that have the same number of protons in their nucleus

Question 3

What is a mixture

Answer 3

A mixture is a compound of a substance of 2 or more atoms of different elements bonded together

Question 4

What is a compound

Answer 4

A compound is a substance formed from two or more elements, the atoms of each are held in fixed proportions and are chemically bonded

Question 5

What is in the center of an atom

Answer 5

Proton and neutron

Question 6

What orbits the nucleus of an atom

Answer 6

The electron

Question 7

What’s the charge of a proton

Answer 7

Positive (+1)

Question 8

What’s the charge of a neutron

Answer 8

Has no charge (0)

Question 9

What is the charge of an electron

Answer 9

Negative (-1)

Question 10

What is an isotope

Answer 10

A different form of the same element, which has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 11

How do you calculate relative formula mass of 2 isotopes

Answer 11

Isotope abundance x isotope mass number / sum of abundance of all of isotopes. Answer given as a percentage

Question 12

Why would he use distillation

Answer 12

We would use distillation to separate mixtures which contain liquids

Question 13

Why may we use fractional distillation instead of distillation

Answer 13

Distillation can’t separate two liquids if they boiling points are too close together so we have to use fractional distillation

Question 14

What is crystallisation

Answer 14

It is a separating technique used to separate a solid from a liquid

Question 15

What are the electron shell rules

Answer 15

1st shell = 2
2nd shell = 8
3rd shell = 8

Question 16

What did the plum pudding model show

Answer 16

It showed the atom as a ball of positive charge with electrons stuck in it

Question 17

Who created the plum pudding model

Answer 17

JJ Thompson

Question 18

What did Ernest Rutherford find

Answer 18

All atoms have a central nucleus and mostly empty space

Question 19

How did Rutherford prove his discovery

Answer 19

Created a model where he shot alpha particles at gold foil

Question 20

What did Niels Bohr discover

Answer 20

That the atom was like a small solar system and the nucleus was like the sun and the planets were the shells

Question 21

What is paper chromatography?

Answer 21

Technique used to separate compounds of a mixture

Question 22

How is the periodic table arranged

Answer 22

Atomic mass

Question 23

Who created the periodic table

Answer 23

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 24

What are group one metals and where are they stored

Answer 24

They are silvery solids which have to be stored in oil

Question 25

What is the trend in group one

Answer 25

As you go down the group the:
Melting and boiling points are lower
Higher relative mass
Increase in reactivity because attraction decreases

Question 26

How do group one metals react with water

Answer 26

When put in water they react vigorously to produce hydrogen and salts. As you go down the group the more reactive the metal is meaning a more violent reaction

Question 27

How do group one metals react with oxygen

Answer 27

They react with oxygen to form a metal oxide

Question 28

What is the trend in group 7

Answer 28

As you go down group 7:
It becomes less reactive because it’s harder to gain electrons
Higher melting and boiling points
Higher relative mass

Question 29

What is a displacement reaction

Answer 29

A reaction when a move reactive element kicks out a less reactive element

Question 30

Why don’t group 0 metals react

Answer 30

They have full outer shells so they don’t have to react to gain or lose electrons