Bonding, Structure And Properties Of Matter Flashcards
How are ions made?
Made when electrons are transferred
What groups are most likely to form ions and why?
Groups 1+2 and groups 6+7
For one and two they lose electrons to form positive ions
For six and seven they gain electrons to form negative ions.
Why are simple ions often have noble gas electronic structure?
They are trying to get a full outer shell like a noble has.
What is ionic bonding?
Transfer of electrons
Ionic compounds all have similar properties.
Give me some of the properties.
High melting and boiling points due to to many strong bonds between ions, requires a lot of energy to break them.
Dissolve easily in water.
Explain why compounds can conduct electricity when molten.
Ions are free to move in the solution, so they’ll carry electric current.
In metals they can conduct electricity as there are a lot of positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons
What is covalent bonding?
Sharing electrons
What do you need for a simple molecular substance to conduct electrons?
Free moving electrons or ions
What are polymers?
Long chains of repeating units. In a polymer lots of small units are linked together to form a long molecule that has repeating sections.
What are giant covalent structures and name some?
Giant covalent bonding structures are macromolecules. In these structures all the atoms are bonded to each by strong covalent bonds.
Main example are: diamond and graphite (both made out of carbons atoms only) and silicon dioxide (silica)
Describe the properties and characteristics of diamond.
Very hard.
Very high melting point
Does not conduct electricity
Describe the properties and characteristics of graphite.
Contains sheets of hexagons
High melting point
Conducts electricity
Describe the properties and characteristics of graphene.
One layer of graphite
Very strong
Conducts electricity
Describe the properties and characteristics of fullerenes.
Form spheres and tubes
Mainly made up of carbon atoms arranged in hexagon, but contain pentagons and heptagons.
Conducts electricity
Name the uses of fullerenes.
Lubricants
Drug delivery
Catalyst
What is metallic bonding?
Involves delocalised electorns
Why are most metals solid at room temp?
The forces between the metal atoms and the delocalised sea of electrons are very strong, so need lots of energy to be broken. This means they have high melting/boiling points, so they’re generally solid at room temperature
Are metals good conductors of heat/electricity?
Yes, the delocalised electrons carry electrical current and thermal heat energy through the whole structure, so metals are good conductors of hear and electricity.
What is the difference between Alloys and pure metals
Alloys are harder than pure metals
What are the three states of matter?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What is nano science?
Investigates the uses and properties of nanoparticles
What is roughly the size of a nanoparticle?
1nm and 100nm
What is the surface area to volume ratio equation?
Surface area/volume
What is the uses of nanoparticles?
They have a huge surface area to volume ration, so they could help make new catalysts
They can be used in tiny electric circuits for computer chips.
Used in cosmetic
