Bonding, Structure And Properties Of Matter

Question 1

How are ions made?

Answer 1

Made when electrons are transferred

Question 2

What groups are most likely to form ions and why?

Answer 2

Groups 1+2 and groups 6+7
For one and two they lose electrons to form positive ions
For six and seven they gain electrons to form negative ions.

Question 3

Why are simple ions often have noble gas electronic structure?

Answer 3

They are trying to get a full outer shell like a noble has.

Question 4

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 4

Transfer of electrons

Question 5

Ionic compounds all have similar properties.

Give me some of the properties.

Answer 5

High melting and boiling points due to to many strong bonds between ions, requires a lot of energy to break them.
Dissolve easily in water.

Question 6

Explain why compounds can conduct electricity when molten.

Answer 6

Ions are free to move in the solution, so they’ll carry electric current.

In metals they can conduct electricity as there are a lot of positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons

Question 7

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 7

Sharing electrons

Question 8

What do you need for a simple molecular substance to conduct electrons?

Answer 8

Free moving electrons or ions

Question 9

What are polymers?

Answer 9

Long chains of repeating units. In a polymer lots of small units are linked together to form a long molecule that has repeating sections.

Question 10

What are giant covalent structures and name some?

Answer 10

Giant covalent bonding structures are macromolecules. In these structures all the atoms are bonded to each by strong covalent bonds.
Main example are: diamond and graphite (both made out of carbons atoms only) and silicon dioxide (silica)

Question 11

Describe the properties and characteristics of diamond.

Answer 11

Very hard.
Very high melting point
Does not conduct electricity

Question 12

Describe the properties and characteristics of graphite.

Answer 12

Contains sheets of hexagons
High melting point
Conducts electricity

Question 13

Describe the properties and characteristics of graphene.

Answer 13

One layer of graphite
Very strong
Conducts electricity

Question 14

Describe the properties and characteristics of fullerenes.

Answer 14

Form spheres and tubes
Mainly made up of carbon atoms arranged in hexagon, but contain pentagons and heptagons.
Conducts electricity

Question 15

Name the uses of fullerenes.

Answer 15

Lubricants
Drug delivery
Catalyst

Question 16

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 16

Involves delocalised electorns

Question 17

Why are most metals solid at room temp?

Answer 17

The forces between the metal atoms and the delocalised sea of electrons are very strong, so need lots of energy to be broken. This means they have high melting/boiling points, so they’re generally solid at room temperature

Question 18

Are metals good conductors of heat/electricity?

Answer 18

Yes, the delocalised electrons carry electrical current and thermal heat energy through the whole structure, so metals are good conductors of hear and electricity.

Question 19

What is the difference between Alloys and pure metals

Answer 19

Alloys are harder than pure metals

Question 20

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 20

Solid
Liquid
Gas

Question 21

What is nano science?

Answer 21

Investigates the uses and properties of nanoparticles

Question 22

What is roughly the size of a nanoparticle?

Answer 22

1nm and 100nm

Question 23

What is the surface area to volume ratio equation?

Answer 23

Surface area/volume

Question 24

What is the uses of nanoparticles?

Answer 24

They have a huge surface area to volume ration, so they could help make new catalysts
They can be used in tiny electric circuits for computer chips.
Used in cosmetic

Question 25

Name the effects of nanoparticles?

Answer 25

Nano particles are being used in sun creams as they have been shown to be better than the materials in traditional sun creams protecting skin from harmful UV rays
They give better skin coverage than traditional sun creams

Question 26

What is the link between the use of nanoparticles and on your health.

Answer 26

The nanoparticles on health are not fully understood.