Atomic Structure And The Perodic Table

Question 1

What do atoms consist of?

Answer 1

Contain protons (positive), neutrons (no charge) and electrons (negative charge)
Number of protons = number of electrons

Question 2

What do elements consist?

Answer 2

Consist of atoms with the same atomic number. Its the number of protons in the nucleus that decides what type of atom it is.

Question 3

Relative atomic equation

Answer 3

Sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number) / sum of abundance of all isotopes

Question 4

What are isotopes?

Answer 4

Isotopes are the same as elements except for extra neutron

Question 5

Explain why you shouldn’t use a pen to draw a line on the filter paper for chromatography.

Answer 5

Pens are soluble and can dissolve in the solvent

Question 6

What is filtration?

Answer 6

Separates insoluble solids from liquids

Question 7

Name the two ways to separate soluble solids from from solutions.

Answer 7

Evaporation and crystallisation

Question 8

What methods can be used to separate rock salt?

Answer 8

Filtration - filter the sand out

Crystallisation - to evaporate the water from the salt so it forms dry crystals

Question 9

Explain and describe what simple distillation is.

Answer 9

Simple distillation is used for separating out a liquid from a solution. Solution is heated. The part of the solution that has lowest boiling temp evaporates first. Vapour is then cooled, condenses and collected. Rest of solution left behind in flask.

Question 10

What can you use simple distillation for?

Answer 10

To get pure water from seawater

Question 11

Explain and describe what fractional distillation is.

Answer 11

If you’ve got a mixture of liquids you can separate it using fractional distillation.

Question 12

Explain how Rutherford disproved the plum pudding model.

Answer 12

Because they thought positive charge of each atom was thought to be spread out through the ‘pudding’ of the atom. Whilst most of the particles did go straight through the gold sheet some deflected more than expected, small amount deflected backwards so it proved wrong

Question 13

How were elements classifies in the early 1800’s

Answer 13

By their relative atomic mass

Their physical and chemical propertis

Question 14

Describe the two changes that Mendeleev made to early periodic table.

Answer 14

He left gaps and predicted new elements

Question 15

State the properties of metal

Answer 15

Strong
Good at conducting heat and electricity
They have high boiling and melting points

Question 16

State properties of non - metals

Answer 16

Brittle
Lower density
Dull looking

Question 17

Where can transition metals be found in the periodic table?

Answer 17

Between Groups 2 and groups 3

Question 18

State the properties of transition metals

Answer 18

They can have more than one ion
Ions are often coloured
Make good catalysts

Question 19

What are the trends for the alkali metals as you go down the group?

Answer 19

Increasing reactivity
Lower melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic mass

Question 20

Alkali metal + water =

Answer 20

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas

Question 21

Alkali + chlorine =

Answer 21

Metal chloride

Question 22

What is the trend as you go down group 7?

Answer 22

Becomes less reactive
Higher melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic mass

Question 23

Predict whether bromine would displace iodine from sodium iodide and explain why.

Answer 23

It would displace as it its more reactive and more reactive halogens will displace less reactive ones.

Question 24

What are group 0 elements called?

Answer 24

Noble gasses

Question 25

Are group one metals more reactive than transition metals?

Answer 25

Yes, group one are also less dense, strong and hard. Much lower boiling points

Question 26

Where is the most concentrated part in an atom?

Answer 26

Nucleus