Bonding And Chemical Interactions

Question 1

Ionic bonding

Answer 1

• electron transfer from low ionization energy metal to high electron affinity nonmetal
• opposite charges
• ionic crystal lattice
• forms between atoms of significantly different electronegs (diff >1.7)
• high mp, high bp
• readily dissolve in polar solvents
• in molten or aqueous states they are good conductors of electricity

Question 2

Covalent bonding

Answer 2

• electron pair shared
• typically nonmetals, relatively similar electroneg
• level of polarity determines how equally and unequally the electrons are shared
• covalent compounds consist of individually bonded molecules

Question 3

Formal charge

Answer 3

vE - nbE - (1/2) bE

Question 4

One can assess the stability of resonance structures according to the following guidelines:

Answer 4

• a Lewis structure with small or no formal charges is preferred over a Lewis structure w large formal charges
• a LS w less separation between opposite charges is preferred over a LS w a large separation of opposite charges
• a LS in which neg FC are place on more electroneg atoms is more stable than one in which the neg FC are placed on less electroneg atoms

Question 5

Bond length…

Answer 5

dec as bond order inc AND w larger diff in electroneg
bond length dec when moving right along the periodic table’s rows bc more electroneg atoms have shorter atomic radii

Question 6

coordinate covalence

Answer 6

in a covalent bond one atom is providing both bonding electrons

Question 7

Hydrogens bonds and bp

Answer 7

unusually high bp when they’re present

Question 8

Nonbonding vs bonding pairs of electrons

Answer 8

NB exert more repulsion than BP bc electrons are closer to the nucleus

Question 9

VSPER electronic configurations

Answer 9

Regions of ED ~> shape ~> angle
2 Linear 180°
3 Trigonal planar 120°
4 Tetrahedral 109.5°
5 Trigonal bipyramidal 90°, 120°, 180°
6 Octahedral 90°, 180°