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Chem! > Bonding > Flashcards

Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

Valence electrons are xxx when forming a bond

A

Lost, gained, or shared

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2
Q

Bond

A

An attraction force

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3
Q

What type of attraction is needed to create a bond?

A

Proton - electron

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4
Q

Intramolecular bond

A

Bonds between atoms in a molecule

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5
Q

3 types of intramolecular bonds

A

1) Ionic
2) Covalent
3) Metallic

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6
Q

Ionic bond

A

The direct transfer of an electron from the metal to the nonmetal forms an ionic bond

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7
Q

Easiest way to identify an ionic bond?

A

Metal bonded to a nonmetal

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8
Q

Melting points of salts?

A

Extremely high

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9
Q

Ionic bonds create extremely…

A

Strong bonds

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10
Q

Electronegativity differences in ionic bonds?

A

Large END, greater than or equal to 1.7

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11
Q

The greater the END, the

A

More ionic character

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12
Q

Ionic don’t form a distinct molecule. What do they form?

A

Extended structures or crystals

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13
Q

Conductivity of ionic compounds

A
  • Do NOT conduct in the solid phase
  • Do conduct in the liquid state or when they’re dissolved in water
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14
Q

Why do ionic compounds conduct?

A

Due to free flowing ions when bonds break

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15
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Involve the sharing of electrons between nonmetals only

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16
Q

2 types of covalent bonds

A

1) Nonpolar covalent
2) Polar covalent

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17
Q

Nonpolar covalent bonds

A

Equal sharing of electrons between the same nonmetal element

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18
Q

END in nonpolar covalent bonds

A

= 0 since it’s the same element on either side of the bond

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19
Q

Examples of nonpolar covalent bonds

A

H2, F2, Cl2, Br2

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20
Q

What does the dot diagram of hydrogen look like?

A

H - H (does not complete the octet and can never form more than 1 bond)

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21
Q

Shape of ammonia

A

Pyramid

22
Q

Shape of water molecule

A

90° angle

23
Q

Shape of carbon dioxide

A

Linear

24
Q

Polar bond

A

Unequal sharing of electrons between two different nonmetals

25
Q

END in polar covalent bonds

A

Greater than 0 but less than or equal to 1.7

26
Q

In an H - F bond, where are electrons shifting?

A

Electrons shift towards F because the EN of F is greater and electrons shift toward elements with high EN

27
Q

Metallic bonds

A

A bond between two metals

28
Q

Which of the following has metallic bonding?

CO2, NaCl, Hg, I2

A

Hg

29
Q

Molecules with a symmetric distribution (S) of charge are

A

Nonpolar molecule (N)

30
Q

Why do metals conduct electricity?

A

Due to a sea of mobile electrons

31
Q

Molecules with an asymmetric distribution (A) of charge are

A

Polar molecule (P)

32
Q

Shape of CH4

A

Tetrahedral

33
Q

Common examples of tetrahedrals

A

CF4, CCl4, SiH4, GF4

34
Q

Intermolecular bonds

A

Bonds between molecules

35
Q

Hydrogen bonding

A

A bond between polar molecules where the hydrogen in one molecule is attracted to the very electronegative element with a small radius in the other molecule

36
Q

Which of the following has the highest boiling point and why?

HCl, HF, HI, HBr

A

HF has the highest boiling point because it has the strongest hydrogen bonds (F has a high electronegativity and a small radius)

37
Q

Molecule ion attraction

A

Dissolving ionic compounds or salts in water

38
Q

NaCl(aq) conductivity

A

NaCl(aq) dissolves in water, dissociates into its free flowing ions, and conducts electricity

39
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Substances containing the elements hydrogen and carbon only

40
Q

Why are hydrocarbons relatively nonpolar?

A

The END between carbon and hydrogen is small

41
Q

Which phase of a substance has the weakest intermolecular forces?

A

Gas phase, least dense

42
Q

Forces of attraction between nonpolar molecules (van der waal forces) increase as

A

The number of electrons increases

43
Q

Highest boiling point =

A

Strongest intermolecular forces

44
Q

Molecular substance

A

Anything that is covalent bonded

45
Q

Examples of molecular substances

A

CO2, CCl4, C6H12O6

46
Q

Compared to ionic bonds, covalently bonded substances have

A

Weaker bonds

47
Q

Do molecular substances conduct electricity?

A

No, except for organic acids

48
Q

Solubility

A

Does a substance dissolve or not dissolve

49
Q

What is the rule for whether or not a substance would dissolve?

A

Like dissolves like

50
Q

Is ethanol a polar or nonpolar molecule?

A

It behaves as a nonpolar molecule because it contains hydrocarbon chains

51
Q

Is oil polar or nonpolar?

A

Nonpolar, doesn’t mix with water

Chem! (9 decks)

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