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Chem! > Bonding > Flashcards

Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

Valence electrons are xxx when forming a bond

A

Lost, gained, or shared

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2
Q

Bond

A

An attraction force

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3
Q

What type of attraction is needed to create a bond?

A

Proton - electron

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4
Q

Intramolecular bond

A

Bonds between atoms in a molecule

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5
Q

3 types of intramolecular bonds

A

1) Ionic
2) Covalent
3) Metallic

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6
Q

Ionic bond

A

The direct transfer of an electron from the metal to the nonmetal forms an ionic bond

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7
Q

Easiest way to identify an ionic bond?

A

Metal bonded to a nonmetal

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8
Q

Melting points of salts?

A

Extremely high

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9
Q

Ionic bonds create extremely…

A

Strong bonds

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10
Q

Electronegativity differences in ionic bonds?

A

Large END, greater than or equal to 1.7

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11
Q

The greater the END, the

A

More ionic character

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12
Q

Ionic don’t form a distinct molecule. What do they form?

A

Extended structures or crystals

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13
Q

Conductivity of ionic compounds

A
  • Do NOT conduct in the solid phase
  • Do conduct in the liquid state or when they’re dissolved in water
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14
Q

Why do ionic compounds conduct?

A

Due to free flowing ions when bonds break

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15
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Involve the sharing of electrons between nonmetals only

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16
Q

2 types of covalent bonds

A

1) Nonpolar covalent
2) Polar covalent

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17
Q

Nonpolar covalent bonds

A

Equal sharing of electrons between the same nonmetal element

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18
Q

END in nonpolar covalent bonds

A

= 0 since it’s the same element on either side of the bond

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19
Q

Examples of nonpolar covalent bonds

A

H2, F2, Cl2, Br2

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20
Q

What does the dot diagram of hydrogen look like?

A

H - H (does not complete the octet and can never form more than 1 bond)

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21
Q

Shape of ammonia

22
Q

Shape of water molecule

A

90° angle

23
Q

Shape of carbon dioxide

24
Q

Polar bond

A

Unequal sharing of electrons between two different nonmetals

25
END in polar covalent bonds
Greater than 0 but less than or equal to 1.7
26
In an H - F bond, where are electrons shifting?
Electrons shift towards F because the EN of F is greater and electrons shift toward elements with high EN
27
Metallic bonds
A bond between two metals
28
Which of the following has metallic bonding? CO2, NaCl, Hg, I2
Hg
29
Molecules with a symmetric distribution (S) of charge are
Nonpolar molecule (N)
30
Why do metals conduct electricity?
Due to a sea of mobile electrons
31
Molecules with an asymmetric distribution (A) of charge are
Polar molecule (P)
32
Shape of CH4
Tetrahedral
33
Common examples of tetrahedrals
CF4, CCl4, SiH4, GF4
34
Intermolecular bonds
Bonds between molecules
35
Hydrogen bonding
A bond between polar molecules where the hydrogen in one molecule is attracted to the very electronegative element with a small radius in the other molecule
36
Which of the following has the highest boiling point and why? HCl, HF, HI, HBr
HF has the highest boiling point because it has the strongest hydrogen bonds (F has a high electronegativity and a small radius)
37
Molecule ion attraction
Dissolving ionic compounds or salts in water
38
NaCl(aq) conductivity
NaCl(aq) dissolves in water, dissociates into its free flowing ions, and conducts electricity
39
Hydrocarbons
Substances containing the elements hydrogen and carbon only
40
Why are hydrocarbons relatively nonpolar?
The END between carbon and hydrogen is small
41
Which phase of a substance has the weakest intermolecular forces?
Gas phase, least dense
42
Forces of attraction between nonpolar molecules (van der waal forces) increase as
The number of electrons increases
43
Highest boiling point =
Strongest intermolecular forces
44
Molecular substance
Anything that is covalent bonded
45
Examples of molecular substances
CO2, CCl4, C6H12O6
46
Compared to ionic bonds, covalently bonded substances have
Weaker bonds
47
Do molecular substances conduct electricity?
No, except for organic acids
48
Solubility
Does a substance dissolve or not dissolve
49
What is the rule for whether or not a substance would dissolve?
Like dissolves like
50
Is ethanol a polar or nonpolar molecule?
It behaves as a nonpolar molecule because it contains hydrocarbon chains
51
Is oil polar or nonpolar?
Nonpolar, doesn’t mix with water

Chem! (9 decks)

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