Body Tissues Flashcards
What do cell junction do
what are the types
where are they?
link cells to each other in tissues, and regulate tissue homeostasis in critical cell processes that include tissue barrier function, cell proliferation, and migration.
GTD
gaps, Tight, Desmosome(adhering junctions)
GAP= allows movement of ions and charge, in the heart and gut
Tight junctions= no movement between cells, intestine and blood-brain barrier
Desmosomes= structural junction that withstands stress in skin and heart
what is the definition of a tissue
what are the 4 types
A group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
have similar structure and function
NECM
Epithelial
Connective
Nerve
Muscle
EPITHELIAL CELLS
functions
different types
epitheleal= covering sheets, EVERYWHERE, on skin. Other type is
gland, exocrine, sweat, endocrine, secrete hormones,
PAIFS
PROTECTION, ABSORPTION, ION TRANSPORT, FILTRATION, SLIPPERY SURFACES(swallow)
SCCS
simple of stratified
cuboidal and columnar
squamous, flat
Simple epitheleum(type of squamous)
Stratified squamous epitheleum
transitional epitheleum
Columnar and cubiodal
- areas subject to little wear and tear adapted for diffusion and filtration e.g., lung alveoli and Bowman’s capsule
- SQUAMOUS protects areas of wear and tear
defend against microbes
e.g., outer layer of skin, lining of mouth, vagina
TRANSITIONAL contains cells that can change shape
in areas subject to stretching
e.g., urinary bladder
- in the gut and kidney, for absorption, or transporting
Glands, what type of epithelial cells are they
3 types
Specialized epithelial cells
Exocrine glands
* secrete substances into ducts
* e.g., sweat glands, gut
Endocrine glands are ductless
* Secrete hormones into blood
* e.g., thyroid
Paracrine glands
* Secrete over short distances
Local affect, not body wide
Goblet Cells
Types of ducts
Goblet cells produce mucin
Mucin + water → mucus
Protects and lubricates many internal body
surfaces
Simple and compound
whole lot of branches is compound, one tube is simple
Classes of connective tissue
functions
types of proteins
Main classes Double COLLEGE FOOTBALL CCFBB
college football players bind together and are stron, and get REC
Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone tissue
Blood
Fat
Functions:
binds together, supports and strengthens
protects and insulates internal organs
compartmentalizes muscle
REC
Collagen – stiff, eg. tendon
Elastin – stretchy, eg. Lung
Reticular- small, structure
structural elements of extra cellular matrix
why would there be differences in structural proteins
Extracellular Matrix
Collagen and elastin fibres
Viscous, gel-like ground substance
* Sugars, proteins, and water
Cushions and protects body structures
differences in structural properties due to
types of cells
Different composition of matrix
subclasses of connective tissue proper
functions of both
Dense
irregular and regular meaning
Has two subclasses
Loose connective tissue
* Eg. Areolar, adipose,
Dense connective tissue
* Regular vs irregular
LOOSE-AREOLAR
Gel-like matrix with all three fibres
Contains
* Fat cells
* White blood cells
* Mast cells
* Fibroblasts
Underlies epithelial tissue
Surrounds blood vessels and organs
Borders all other tissues in the body
DENSE= Irregularly arranged collagen and elastin
Withstands tension / pulling, not arranged in any sort of way
Location- Skin, gut, Fibrous capsules of joints and organs
regular: Parallel collagen fibres, Some elastin, Poorly vascularized
Muscle and Bone attachments
Withstands stress (in 1 direction)
Eg.Tendons, ligaments
Specialized connective tissue
types of bone and makeup
Bone: forms the skeleton
* Spongy vs compact
Blood: transports materials such as
glucose and Oxygen
fluid matrix of
* plasma (fluid)
* red blood cells
* white blood cells
Compact bone:
Harder – haversian systems, forms shaft and ends, contains marrow space. OUTER EDGE
* Yellow bone marrow (mostly fat) in marrow space
Spongy bone: * TRABECULAE form lattice-like
support * Spaces may contain red bone
marrow, inside
Bone is made 10% cells and 90% matrix
The extracellular matrix contains
Calcium and phosphate (hydroxyapatite)
Collagen
Proteins
Water
Cells
Osteoblasts (make bone)
Osteoclasts (resorb bone)
Osteocytes (mature cells)
GROWTH plates
made up of cartilage between bones
OTHER specialized connective tissue
Cartilage:
transitional tissue from which bone develops
maintains shape of certain body parts (nose, ears)
cushions vertebrae (vertebral disks), lines joint
cavities
Adipose tissue:
fat cells
functions in insulation, protection, and energy
storage
functions of cartilage
types
Provides structure and support under compression
Types
FEH
Fibrocartilage
* Intervertebral disks between vertebrae
* Menisci in knee joints
Hyaline
* Forms embryonic structure, which later forms bone
* Covers and protects ends of long bones in joints
Elastic cartilage
* Flexible, outer ear, tip of nose
Muscle tissue functions and types
Contractile
Force and movement
Three types
Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal
Skeletal muscle tissue- striated
Voluntary – moves skeleton
Cardiac muscle tissue- striated
Heart – pacemaker controlled
Smooth muscle tissue
Involuntary – eg. Gut, blood vessels
Nervous tissue functions
two types of cells
REPAIR OF TISSUE
CAPACITY OF REGENERATION
signal transmission
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Transmit electrical signals
Contains two types of cells
* Neurons—excitatory cells
* Supporting cells (neuroglial cells)
repair is FOR you
Regeneration
Of damaged site with same type of tissue
Fibrosis
Proliferation of scar tissue
Organization
Clot is replaced by
granulation tissue
Good to excellent:
* ET, bone CT, areolar CT(BORDERS ALL TISSUES), dense irregular CT(skin), and blood forming CT
Moderate:
* Smooth muscle
Weak:
* Skeletal MT, cartilage, dense regular CT(tendon low blood supply)
None or almost none:
* Cardiac MT, Nervous Tissue
