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Health > Body Systems pt. 2 > Flashcards

Body Systems pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 systems?

A

Respiratory, Digestive, Excretory, Nervous, Endocrine

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2
Q

What are the functions of the Respiratory System?

A
  1. takes oxygen to CS
  2. removes carbon dioxide from CS
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3
Q

Mouth & Nose

A
  1. passage to bring in oxygen
  2. nose warms, moistens, and cleans the air
  3. Uvula
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4
Q

What is the Pharynx?

A

passageway shared by both air and food

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5
Q

What is the Larynx?

A

“voice box”

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6
Q

What is the Trachea?

A
  1. 5in long tube
  2. supported by C-shaped rings
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7
Q

What is the Bronchi, bronchioles?

A

tubes that carry oxygen into the lungs

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8
Q

2 Lungs

A
  1. exchange the oxygen and carbon dioxide with blood
  2. Alveoli - tiny, thin-walled sacs filled with capillaries
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9
Q

What is Breathing?

A

process of air moving in and out of the lungs

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10
Q

Breathing facts

A
  1. 15 to 20 times per min
  2. The diaphragm contracts and draws air into the lungs
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11
Q

What are the Breathing Disorders?

A
  1. Asthma
  2. Emphysema
  3. Pneumonia
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12
Q

What is the function of the Digestive System?

A

take food from outside and transport it to CS

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13
Q

What is Digestion?

A

changing food from complex into simple

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14
Q

What is the Alimentary canal?

A

tube from mouth to anus

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15
Q

What is the Mouth?

A

Oral cavity

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16
Q

Parts of the Mouth?

A
  1. Teeth
  2. Tongue
  3. Salivary glands
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17
Q

Saliva facts

A
  • moistens food
  • begins digestion
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18
Q

What is the Uvula?

A

back of the mouth, closes the nasal cavity

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19
Q

What is the Esophagus?

A

tube that carries food to the stomach

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20
Q

What is the Stomach?

A

J shaped organ

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21
Q

Stomach facts

A
  • holds 2 quarts of food
  • mixes food with digestive enzymes - chyme
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22
Q

What are the Small Intestines?

A

digests food and absorbs it into the blood

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23
Q

Small Intestines facts

A
  • 20 to 25 ft long, 1.5-inch diameter
  • walls are lined with small projections called villi, that absorb food particles
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24
Q

Large Intestines/Colon facts

A
  • 5 to 6 ft long, 2.5 in diameter
  • removes indigestible material
  • reabsorbs water, 7.5 L/day
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25
Q

What is the Rectum?

A

the end

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26
Q

What is the Liver?

A

the largest organ in the body

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27
Q

Liver facts

A
  • produces bile, breaks down fats
  • removes drugs and poisons from the blood
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28
Q

What is the Gall Bladder?

A

stores bile

29
Q

What is the Pancreas?

A

produces digestive enzymes and insulin

30
Q

What are the 4 digestive disorders?

A
  1. Acid reflux
  2. Gallstones
  3. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  4. Ulcer
31
Q

What is Acid Reflux?

A

weakness of the valve between the esophagus and stomach may allow stomach acid to reflux (regurgitate) into the esophagus and irritate and inflame the lining

32
Q

What are Gallstones?

A

hard deposits that form in your gallbladder

33
Q

What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome?

A

nonflunecy in stools from day to day, many causes

34
Q

What is an Ulcer?

A

a sore that forms in the stomach or small intestine

35
Q

What is the function of the Excretory System?

A
  1. removes waste products from the blood
  2. regulates water in the body
36
Q

What is the Kidneys?

A

located lower back, remove waste (urea) from the blood

37
Q

What is the Urinary Bladder?

A

collects and holds urine until it’s removed

38
Q

What are the 5 cares for the excretory system?

A
  1. Urinalysis
  2. Drinking water
  3. Dialysis machine
  4. Kidney infections
  5. Kidney stones
39
Q

What is Urinalysis?

A

test that detects the amount of normal and abnormal substances in the urine

40
Q

How much water should you drink for healthy kidneys?

A

8 glasses a day, 64 oz

41
Q

What is a Dialysis machine?

A

cleans the blood for the kidney

42
Q

What are kidney infections?

A

build-up of bacteria or toxins

43
Q

What are Kidney stones?

A

urea concentrates and forms crystals in the kidneys

44
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

the communication center for the body

45
Q

What are nerve cells?

A

neurons, receive and respond to stimuli

46
Q

What is the Brain?

A

decision maker controls body functions

47
Q

What is the Spinal Cord?

A

connects the brain with the nerves of the body (main highway)

48
Q

What are Reflexes?

A

reactions to a stimuli (nerve to brain to action)

49
Q

What are the senses?

A

sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell

50
Q

What are the 2 disorders of the nervous system?

A
  1. Paralysis
  2. Alzheimer’s Disease
51
Q

What is Paralysis?

A

loss of use and feeling in a part of the body

52
Q

What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

degeneration of memory and function of the brain (a specific type of dementia)

53
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A

helps to control, communicate, and maintain stability in the body (homeostasis)

54
Q

What are Hormones?

A

chemical messengers from endocrine glands

55
Q

Hormone facts

A
  • secrete directly into the bloodstream – ductless
  • influence many physical and emotional changes in teens
56
Q

What is the Pituitary gland?

A

master gland

57
Q

Pituitary gland facts

A
  • located at the base of the brain
  • human growth hormone
58
Q

What is the Thyroid?

A

affects metabolism

59
Q

What is the Pancreas?

A

produces insulin/regulates blood sugar

60
Q

What is Adrenal?

A

adrenaline

61
Q

What are the female reproductive organs called?

62
Q

What are the male reproductive organs called

63
Q

What is Asthma?

A

difficulty in breathing as a result of bronchioles becoming constricted

64
Q

What is Emphysema?

A

a degenerative condition of lung tissue

65
Q

What is Pneumonia?

A

inflammation of the lungs caused by infection

66
Q

What do Teeth do?

A

tear and crush food into smaller pieces

67
Q

What does the Tongue do?

A

positions food in the mouth

68
Q

What do the Salivary glands do?

A

produce saliva

Health (7 decks)

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