Body Systems pt. 2 Flashcards
(68 cards)
1
Q
What are the 5 systems?
A
Respiratory, Digestive, Excretory, Nervous, Endocrine
2
Q
What are the functions of the Respiratory System?
A
- takes oxygen to CS
- removes carbon dioxide from CS
3
Q
Mouth & Nose
A
- passage to bring in oxygen
- nose warms, moistens, and cleans the air
- Uvula
4
Q
What is the Pharynx?
A
passageway shared by both air and food
5
Q
What is the Larynx?
A
“voice box”
6
Q
What is the Trachea?
A
- 5in long tube
- supported by C-shaped rings
7
Q
What is the Bronchi, bronchioles?
A
tubes that carry oxygen into the lungs
8
Q
2 Lungs
A
- exchange the oxygen and carbon dioxide with blood
- Alveoli - tiny, thin-walled sacs filled with capillaries
9
Q
What is Breathing?
A
process of air moving in and out of the lungs
10
Q
Breathing facts
A
- 15 to 20 times per min
- The diaphragm contracts and draws air into the lungs
11
Q
What are the Breathing Disorders?
A
- Asthma
- Emphysema
- Pneumonia
12
Q
What is the function of the Digestive System?
A
take food from outside and transport it to CS
13
Q
What is Digestion?
A
changing food from complex into simple
14
Q
What is the Alimentary canal?
A
tube from mouth to anus
15
Q
What is the Mouth?
A
Oral cavity
16
Q
Parts of the Mouth?
A
- Teeth
- Tongue
- Salivary glands
17
Q
Saliva facts
A
- moistens food
- begins digestion
18
Q
What is the Uvula?
A
back of the mouth, closes the nasal cavity
19
Q
What is the Esophagus?
A
tube that carries food to the stomach
20
Q
What is the Stomach?
A
J shaped organ
21
Q
Stomach facts
A
- holds 2 quarts of food
- mixes food with digestive enzymes - chyme
22
Q
What are the Small Intestines?
A
digests food and absorbs it into the blood
23
Q
Small Intestines facts
A
- 20 to 25 ft long, 1.5-inch diameter
- walls are lined with small projections called villi, that absorb food particles
24
Q
Large Intestines/Colon facts
A
- 5 to 6 ft long, 2.5 in diameter
- removes indigestible material
- reabsorbs water, 7.5 L/day
25
What is the Rectum?
the end
26
What is the Liver?
the largest organ in the body
27
Liver facts
- produces bile, breaks down fats
- removes drugs and poisons from the blood
28
What is the Gall Bladder?
stores bile
29
What is the Pancreas?
produces digestive enzymes and insulin
30
What are the 4 digestive disorders?
1. Acid reflux
2. Gallstones
3. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
4. Ulcer
31
What is Acid Reflux?
weakness of the valve between the esophagus and stomach may allow stomach acid to reflux (regurgitate) into the esophagus and irritate and inflame the lining
32
What are Gallstones?
hard deposits that form in your gallbladder
33
What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
nonflunecy in stools from day to day, many causes
34
What is an Ulcer?
a sore that forms in the stomach or small intestine
35
What is the function of the Excretory System?
1. removes waste products from the blood
2. regulates water in the body
36
What is the Kidneys?
located lower back, remove waste (urea) from the blood
37
What is the Urinary Bladder?
collects and holds urine until it's removed
38
What are the 5 cares for the excretory system?
1. Urinalysis
2. Drinking water
3. Dialysis machine
4. Kidney infections
5. Kidney stones
39
What is Urinalysis?
test that detects the amount of normal and abnormal substances in the urine
40
How much water should you drink for healthy kidneys?
8 glasses a day, 64 oz
41
What is a Dialysis machine?
cleans the blood for the kidney
42
What are kidney infections?
build-up of bacteria or toxins
43
What are Kidney stones?
urea concentrates and forms crystals in the kidneys
44
What is the nervous system?
the communication center for the body
45
What are nerve cells?
neurons, receive and respond to stimuli
46
What is the Brain?
decision maker controls body functions
47
What is the Spinal Cord?
connects the brain with the nerves of the body (main highway)
48
What are Reflexes?
reactions to a stimuli (nerve to brain to action)
49
What are the senses?
sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell
50
What are the 2 disorders of the nervous system?
1. Paralysis
2. Alzheimer's Disease
51
What is Paralysis?
loss of use and feeling in a part of the body
52
What is Alzheimer's Disease?
degeneration of memory and function of the brain (a specific type of dementia)
53
What does the endocrine system do?
helps to control, communicate, and maintain stability in the body (homeostasis)
54
What are Hormones?
chemical messengers from endocrine glands
55
Hormone facts
- secrete directly into the bloodstream -- ductless
- influence many physical and emotional changes in teens
56
What is the Pituitary gland?
master gland
57
Pituitary gland facts
- located at the base of the brain
- human growth hormone
58
What is the Thyroid?
affects metabolism
59
What is the Pancreas?
produces insulin/regulates blood sugar
60
What is Adrenal?
adrenaline
61
What are the female reproductive organs called?
Ovaries
62
What are the male reproductive organs called
Testes
63
What is Asthma?
difficulty in breathing as a result of bronchioles becoming constricted
64
What is Emphysema?
a degenerative condition of lung tissue
65
What is Pneumonia?
inflammation of the lungs caused by infection
66
What do Teeth do?
tear and crush food into smaller pieces
67
What does the Tongue do?
positions food in the mouth
68
What do the Salivary glands do?
produce saliva
