Body Plan in DR Flashcards
what is the skull divided into? (2)
cranium (brain box) and face
what does the skull do? (3)
houses organs for sensing, maintains airway and supports proximal parts of the GI tract
what does the cranium protect? (3)
cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brain stem
what does the skull consist of?
several flat pieces of bone joined by suture joints
what is another name for the lower jaw?
mandible
where does the mandible articulate with the cranium?
at the temporomandibular joint
what is special about the temporomandibular joint?
it is the only synovial joint of the skull
how are the muscles arrange around the eyes, mouth and nostrils?
as sphincters and dilators
what enclose the structures of the neck? (2)
skin and deep fascia
what surrounds the cervical vertebrae?
a column of muscles
what does the visceral column in the neck consist of? (5)
larynx, trachea, pharynx, oesophagus and thyroid and parathyroid glands
what do the neurovascular bundles in the neck contain? (4)
common carotid and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve
name the 5 regions of the vertebral column starting at the top…
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
what does the vertebral column enclose?
the vertebral canal in which lies the spinal cord
what does the trunk consist of? (4)
thorax, abdomen, pelvis, perineum
what lines the body cavities and secretes fluid to provide a friction free surface?
simple squamous epithelium - mesothelium
what is the parietal layer?
outer layer that lines the body wall
what is the visceral layer?
covers the viscera
what surrounds the lungs?
visceral layers of pleura
what surrounds the heart?
visceral layers of pericardium
in the abdomen what supports the gut?
layer of peritoneum form mesenteries and ligaments
what structures are important in the mechanics of breathing and why? (3)
ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum as they support the thoracic wall
what does the diaphragm separate?
the thorax and abdomen
what is considered to be the inferior boundary of the abdomen?
the pelvic brim
what is the inferior boundary of the pelvic cavity?
the pelvic diaphragm
where is the perineum?
inferior to the pelvic diaphragm
what forms the continuous gut tube? (6)
oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anal canal
what are the glands associated with the GI tract? (4)
liver, gallbladder, biliary ducts, pancreas
how are the limbs attached to the axial skeleton?
by rings or girdles of bone
the pectoral girdle is…
incomplete
what is the only bony attachment of the upper limb to the trunk?
anteriorly the clavicles articulate with the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint
why is the clavicle so commonly broken?
all the force of a fall on the outstrectched hand will be transmitted through the clavicle to the trunk
the pelvic girdle is a…
complete ring of bone
where are the ball and socket joints? (2)
at the root of each limb where a single long bone articulates with the girdle - shoulders and hips
where are the hinge joints? (3)
elbow and knees, phalanges
the muscles in each compartment enclosed by deep fascia… (2)
have the same function and the same nerve supply
where are the extensors in the leg compared with the arm?
extensors are anterior in the leg but posterior in the arm
