Body Plan in DR

Question 1

what is the skull divided into? (2)

Answer 1

cranium (brain box) and face

Question 2

what does the skull do? (3)

Answer 2

houses organs for sensing, maintains airway and supports proximal parts of the GI tract

Question 3

what does the cranium protect? (3)

Answer 3

cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brain stem

Question 4

what does the skull consist of?

Answer 4

several flat pieces of bone joined by suture joints

Question 5

what is another name for the lower jaw?

Answer 5

mandible

Question 6

where does the mandible articulate with the cranium?

Answer 6

at the temporomandibular joint

Question 7

what is special about the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 7

it is the only synovial joint of the skull

Question 8

how are the muscles arrange around the eyes, mouth and nostrils?

Answer 8

as sphincters and dilators

Question 9

what enclose the structures of the neck? (2)

Answer 9

skin and deep fascia

Question 10

what surrounds the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 10

a column of muscles

Question 11

what does the visceral column in the neck consist of? (5)

Answer 11

larynx, trachea, pharynx, oesophagus and thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 12

what do the neurovascular bundles in the neck contain? (4)

Answer 12

common carotid and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve

Question 13

name the 5 regions of the vertebral column starting at the top…

Answer 13

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Question 14

what does the vertebral column enclose?

Answer 14

the vertebral canal in which lies the spinal cord

Question 15

what does the trunk consist of? (4)

Answer 15

thorax, abdomen, pelvis, perineum

Question 16

what lines the body cavities and secretes fluid to provide a friction free surface?

Answer 16

simple squamous epithelium - mesothelium

Question 17

what is the parietal layer?

Answer 17

outer layer that lines the body wall

Question 18

what is the visceral layer?

Answer 18

covers the viscera

Question 19

what surrounds the lungs?

Answer 19

visceral layers of pleura

Question 20

what surrounds the heart?

Answer 20

visceral layers of pericardium

Question 21

in the abdomen what supports the gut?

Answer 21

layer of peritoneum form mesenteries and ligaments

Question 22

what structures are important in the mechanics of breathing and why? (3)

Answer 22

ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum as they support the thoracic wall

Question 23

what does the diaphragm separate?

Answer 23

the thorax and abdomen

Question 24

what is considered to be the inferior boundary of the abdomen?

Answer 24

the pelvic brim

Question 25

what is the inferior boundary of the pelvic cavity?

Answer 25

the pelvic diaphragm

Question 26

where is the perineum?

Answer 26

inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

Question 27

what forms the continuous gut tube? (6)

Answer 27

oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anal canal

Question 28

what are the glands associated with the GI tract? (4)

Answer 28

liver, gallbladder, biliary ducts, pancreas

Question 29

how are the limbs attached to the axial skeleton?

Answer 29

by rings or girdles of bone

Question 30

the pectoral girdle is...

Answer 30

incomplete

Question 31

what is the only bony attachment of the upper limb to the trunk?

Answer 31

anteriorly the clavicles articulate with the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint

Question 32

why is the clavicle so commonly broken?

Answer 32

all the force of a fall on the outstrectched hand will be transmitted through the clavicle to the trunk

Question 33

the pelvic girdle is a...

Answer 33

complete ring of bone

Question 34

where are the ball and socket joints? (2)

Answer 34

at the root of each limb where a single long bone articulates with the girdle - shoulders and hips

Question 35

where are the hinge joints? (3)

Answer 35

elbow and knees, phalanges

Question 36

the muscles in each compartment enclosed by deep fascia... (2)

Answer 36

have the same function and the same nerve supply

Question 37

where are the extensors in the leg compared with the arm?

Answer 37

extensors are anterior in the leg but posterior in the arm