Body Cavities, Internal Organs, Types and Systems of Organs

Question 1

Where are body cavities located?

Answer 1

within the trunk

Question 2

What are the three body cavities?

Answer 2

thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity

Question 3

how do you say “Cavity” in latin?

Answer 3

cavum

Question 4

How do you say “thoracic cavity” in Latin?

Answer 4

cavum thoracis (pectoris)

Question 5

How do you say “abdominal cavity” in Latin?

Answer 5

cavum abdominis

Question 6

How do you say “pelvic cavity” in Latin?

Answer 6

cavum pelvis

Question 7

What are the five layers of the cavity wall?

Answer 7

• common intument (inteumentum commune)
• superficial facia of the trunk (facia trunci externa)
• skeletal muscles/bones
• deep facia of the trunk (facia trunci interna)
• serous membrane (tunica serosa)

Question 8

What is the Latin name for the serous membrane?

Answer 8

Tunica serosa

Question 9

What is the serosa of the wall called?

Answer 9

parietal pleura

Question 10

What is serosa visceralis?

Answer 10

the serosa of the organs (visceral) wrapped around internal organs.

Question 11

What is a ligament?

Answer 11

connects an organ with another organ

Question 12

What is Mesentery?

Answer 12

The double layer of visceral peritoneum (serosa of
the wall).

Question 13

What is the lesser omentum? What is its Latin name?

Answer 13

Lesser omentum (Omentum minus)
- attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach and liver

Question 14

What is the greater omentum? What is its Latin name?

Answer 14

Greater omentum (Omentum majus )
- attached to greater curvature of stomach

Question 15

What is the thoracic cavity? What is its Latin name?

Answer 15

THORACIC CAVITY — (CAVUM THORACIS)

Wall (except caudal wall - diaphragma ) 5 layers:
1) skin;
2) bones (Th vertebrae, ribs, they cartilages, sternum);
3) muscles;
4) endothoracic fascia - fascia endothoracica,
5) pleura - pleura parietalis.

Question 16

What is the pleura?

Answer 16

Serous membane that lines thoracic cavity and covers organs in cavum thoracis.

Question 17

What are the different types of the Pleura parietalis?

Answer 17

Pleura parietalis - Parietal pleura, lining the walls of the pleural cavity :
✓Pleura costalis (lines the ribs, intercostal muscles)
✓Pleura diaphragmatica (covers the diaphragm);
✓Pleura mediastinalis (covers the mediastium on both sides);

Question 18

What is Pleura (visceralis) pulmonalis?

Answer 18

Pulmonary pleura (2 pleural sacks: for each lung).

Question 19

What is Cavum pleurale?

Answer 19

pleural cavity: the narrow space between the parietal and visceral pleura;+ pleural fluid –
liquor pleurae.

Question 20

What is the Mediastinum?

Answer 20

Divides pleural cavity, contains heart and great vessels, esophagus, trachea.

Question 21

What is the Recessus pleurales?

Answer 21

clefts between reflected layers of Pleura parietalis allowing movements of the walls and
expansion of the lungs.

Question 22

What are the different types of Recessus pleurales?

Answer 22

✓Recesus costodiaphragmaticus – between Pleura costalis and diathragmatica, caudoventral to the basal
border of the lungs.
✓Recessus costomediastinalis – between Pleura costalis and mediastinum.
✓Recessus lumbodiaphragmaticus – in Car, su, ov, cap the Pleura extends caudal to the vertbral end of
the last rib to the the first lumbar vertebra.

Question 23

How does the thoracic cavity communicate with the abdominal cavity?

Answer 23

through three openings:

Aortic hiatus – hiatus aorticus
Esophageal hiatus – hiatus oesophageus
Caval foramen – foramen venae cavae

Question 24

What is the abdominal cavity in Latin? What is it composed of?

Answer 24

Canial wall: diaphragm cranialy convex (extends into the thorax)
Dorsal wall: proc.transversum of VL
Caudal wall: pelvic inlet
Lateral and ventral walls: Abdominal muscles
Ventral abdominal wall: the umbilicus (navel/belly button)
Inguinal canal: peritonial invagination (tunica vaginalis) to reach the scrotum.

Question 25

What is the name of the lateral abdominal wall?

Answer 25

flank

Question 26

What are the three abdominal regions?

Answer 26

1) Regio epigastrica – from the diaphragm to transverse plane at most caudal point on costal arch: - regio hypochondriaca sinistra et dextra– cranial to costal arch, is over costal cartilagines - regio xiphoidea – between costal arches; 2) Regio mesogastrica - from cranial abdominal region and transverse plane at medial. tuber coxae - r. abdominis lateralis sinistra et dextra; Flank – lateral abdominal wall-paralumbar fossa (fossa paralumbalis) - r. umbilicalis – the umbilical region- on the ventral midline. 3) Regio hypogastrica – from middle abdominal region and linea terminalis. - regio inguinalis sinistra et dextra – inguinal region (8;7) ; - regio pubica – pubic region (9) – cranial to Os pubis, between right and left inguinal regions.

Question 27

What is the Paralumbar fossa? What is its Latin name?

Answer 27

Paralumbar fossa (fossa paralumbalis): a depression bounded by: the last rib and costal arch, the extremities of the lumbar transverse processes, the tuber coxae and the terminal line of the pelvic inlet.

Question 28

What is the Perironeum? What is its Latin name?

Answer 28

Peritoneum [Peritonaeum]: Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity extends caudally into the pelvic cavity.

Question 29

What are the two types of Perironeum?

Answer 29

Peritoneum parietale: serosa of the wall (parietal=attached to abdomen wall); *Peritoneum vicerale: serosa of the organs (visceral=wrapped around internal organs)

Question 30

What is the Peritoneal cavity?

Answer 30

Peritoneal cavity – Cavum peritonei - Space between parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum

Question 31

What are Peritoneal organs? Where are they located? What are they covered with?

Answer 31

Peritoneal organs: - located in peritoneal space - completely covered by Peritoneum vicerale

Question 32

What are Retroperitonial organs? Where are they located? What are they covered with?

Answer 32

Retroperitonial organs: - (behind the peritoneum) located in the retroperitoneal space, - covered only on one side with peritoneum (kidney; ureters, adrenal glands, the aorta, caudal vena cava, and lumbar lymph nodes)

Question 33

What is the pelvic cavity? What does it do? What are its 3 sub compartments?

Answer 33

THE PELVIC CAVITY (CAVUM PELVIS) - the pelvis prolongs the abdomen within the bony ring 3 components: * Dorsal wall: sacrum + first three coccygeal vertebrae * Ventral and later walls: ossa coxarum + broad ligaments, muscles, skin * Caudal wall: pelvic diaphragm - diaphragm pelvis (of muscles, fascia), skin, caudal rectum, genital organs.

Question 34

What is the perinerium?

Answer 34

PERINEUM -PERINEUM - Part of the body wall that closes the Apertura pelvis caudalis and surrounds the anal and urogenital canal. (the region between the ventral aspect of the root of the tail and the vulva/scrotum)

Question 35

What are the four recesses of the peritonial cavity?

Answer 35

Recesses of peritonial cavity: 1. Excavatio rectogenitalis --Rectogenital pouch [between rectum and uterus (female) /Plica genitalis (male)] 2. Excavatio vesicogenitalis - Vesicogenital pouch [between the urinary bladder and uterus (female)/Plica genitalis (male)]; 3. Excavatio pubovesicalis - Pubovesical pouch [ventral to the urinary bladder and lateral ligament of urinary bladder (lig. vesicae laterale)] 4. Spatium retroperitoneale [-peritonaeale] - space filled with connective tissue and fat between peritoneum and body wall

Question 36

What two types of tissues can individual organs be made out of?

Answer 36

1) PARENCHYMA 2) TUBULAR (laminate)

Question 37

What are parenchyma?

Answer 37

the functional parts of an organ in the body.

Question 38

What is the stroma?

Answer 38

the structural tissue of organs. the CONNECTIVE TISSUE (enclose small functional units)

Question 39

State examples of parenchymal organs.

Answer 39

- glands - lungs - kidneys - testes - ovaries - spleen - pancrease - skeletal muscle - brain

Question 40

What are tubular organs?

Answer 40

Are composed of several tissue layers arranged around a lumen.

Question 41

What are the five layers of the tubular organ tunica?

Answer 41

1. TUNICA MUCOSA, 2. TELA SUBMUCOSA, 3. Tunica muscularis : STRATUM CIRCULARE (an inner) and STRATUM LONGITUNALE (an outer) 4. TUNICA SEROSA (If the organ is suspended in the body cavity), TUNICA ADVENTITIA (If the organ is surrounded by other tissues, and its connective tissue blends with that of the surrounding tissues.

Question 42

State the tubular organs.

Answer 42

- Digestive apparatus; - Respiratory tract; - Ducts of urinary, genital organs, exocrine glands; - Heart; - Blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 43

What are the names of the different organ systems? In Latin?

Answer 43

✓ Digestive – Systema digestorium; ✓ Respiratory – Systema respiratorium; ✓ Urinary – Organa urinaria; ✓ Reproduction – Organa reproductiva (Organa genitalia masculina et feminina); ✓ Cardiovascular – Systema cardiovasculare; ✓ Lymphatic – Systema lymphaticum; ✓ Endocrine – Systema endocrinarum; ✓ Nervous – Systema nervosum.

Question 44

What is the study of the visceral organs?

Answer 44

Splanchnology

Question 45

What is the vicera of the THORACIC CAVITY?

Answer 45

✓Digestive system /tubular organ : * Esophagus (Esophagus; Oesophagus) ✓Respiratory system/; * tubular organs: Trachea (Trachea); Bronchi (Bronchi); * Lung (Pulmo) – parenchymal organ; ✓Cardiovascular system / tubular organs: Heart (Cor) and blood vessels (Arteriae; Venae); ✓ Lymphatic system: * Lymph node (Lymphonodus) /parenchymal organ * Thymus gland (Thymus) – (in juvenile) and endocrine system /parenchymal organ * Lymph vessels (Vasa lymphatyca) / tubular org.; ✓Nervous system: nerve (Nervi)

Question 46

What is the vicera of the ABDOMINAL CAVITY?

Answer 46

✓ Digestive system: * parenchymal organs: Liver (Hepar) ; Pancreas (Pancreas) – and endocrine system * tubular organs : Stomach (Ventriculus, gaster) ; Intestine ( Intestinum) ; ✓ Urinary system : * Kidney (Ren) /parenchymal org.; * tubular organs: Ureter,abdominal part (Ureter; Pars abdominalis); Urinary bladder (full) (Vesica urinaria); ✓ Reproduction system : * parenchymal org.: Ovary (Ovarium); * tubular organs: Oviductus (Tuba uterina) ; Uterus (Uterus); ✓Lymphatic system: * parenchymal organs :Spleen (Lien); Lymph node (Lymphonodus); * tubular organs: Lymph vessels (Vasa lymphatyca); ✓ Endocrine system:parenchymal organs: Adrenal gland (gl. adrenalis); Pancreas (Pancreas); ✓ Cardiovascular system:tubular organs: blood vessels(Arteriae; Venae); ✓Nervous system: nerve (Nervi)

Question 47

What is the vicera of the PELVIC CAVITY?

Answer 47

✓Urinary system / tubular organs : * Urinary bladder (empty) (Vesica urinaria) (full – only cervix of the bladder – Cervix vesicae ); * Ureter (Ureter) (Pelvic part – Pars pelvina ); * Urethra (Urethra); Pelvic urethra (Urethra masculina, Pars pelvina); ✓Reproduction system : * Male genitalia (Organa genitalia masculina) : * Accessory genital glands (gll. genitales accessoriae) – parenchymal organs: ; * Deferent duct (Ductus deferens) –tubular organ ; * Female genitalia (Organa genitalia feminina) – tubular organs: * Vestibule (Vestibulum vaginae); * Vagina (Vagina); ✓Digestive system/tubular organ: * Rectum (Rectum); ✓Cardiovascular system / tubular organs: * Blood vessels (Arteriae; Venae); ✓Lymphatic system: * parenchymal org. : Lymph node (Lymphonodus); * tubular org. : Lymph vessels (Vasa lymphatyca); ✓Nervous system: nerve (Nervi)

Question 48

What is a bird peculiarity?

Answer 48

The ABSENCE of a DIAPHRAGM. The bird's diaphragm does not form a complete wall between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. ---> all main organs are located within a unique PERITONEAL cavity which can be divided into several CELOMIC compartments (the peritoneal sacs).

Question 49

Explain the subdivisions of the coelomic cavity.

Answer 49

The subdivisions of the coelomic cavity consist of: * two pleural cavities (cava pleurae), * four hepatic peritoneal cavities (cava hepatica peritonei), * an intestinal peritoneal cavity (cavum intestinale peritonei) and * a pericardial cavity (cavum pericardii).