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General Anatomy > Body Cavities, Internal Organs, Types and Systems of Organs > Flashcards

Body Cavities, Internal Organs, Types and Systems of Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Where are body cavities located?

A

within the trunk

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2
Q

What are the three body cavities?

A

thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity

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3
Q

how do you say “Cavity” in latin?

A

cavum

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4
Q

How do you say “thoracic cavity” in Latin?

A

cavum thoracis (pectoris)

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5
Q

How do you say “abdominal cavity” in Latin?

A

cavum abdominis

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6
Q

How do you say “pelvic cavity” in Latin?

A

cavum pelvis

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7
Q

What are the five layers of the cavity wall?

A
  • common intument (inteumentum commune)
  • superficial facia of the trunk (facia trunci externa)
  • skeletal muscles/bones
  • deep facia of the trunk (facia trunci interna)
  • serous membrane (tunica serosa)
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8
Q

What is the Latin name for the serous membrane?

A

Tunica serosa

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9
Q

What is the serosa of the wall called?

A

parietal pleura

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10
Q

What is serosa visceralis?

A

the serosa of the organs (visceral) wrapped around internal organs.

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11
Q

What is a ligament?

A

connects an organ with another organ

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12
Q

What is Mesentery?

A

The double layer of visceral peritoneum (serosa of
the wall).

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13
Q

What is the lesser omentum? What is its Latin name?

A

Lesser omentum (Omentum minus)
- attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach and liver

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14
Q

What is the greater omentum? What is its Latin name?

A

Greater omentum (Omentum majus )
- attached to greater curvature of stomach

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15
Q

What is the thoracic cavity? What is its Latin name?

A

THORACIC CAVITY — (CAVUM THORACIS)

Wall (except caudal wall - diaphragma ) 5 layers:
1) skin;
2) bones (Th vertebrae, ribs, they cartilages, sternum);
3) muscles;
4) endothoracic fascia - fascia endothoracica,
5) pleura - pleura parietalis.

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16
Q

What is the pleura?

A

Serous membane that lines thoracic cavity and covers organs in cavum thoracis.

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17
Q

What are the different types of the Pleura parietalis?

A

Pleura parietalis - Parietal pleura, lining the walls of the pleural cavity :
✓Pleura costalis (lines the ribs, intercostal muscles)
✓Pleura diaphragmatica (covers the diaphragm);
✓Pleura mediastinalis (covers the mediastium on both sides);

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18
Q

What is Pleura (visceralis) pulmonalis?

A

Pulmonary pleura (2 pleural sacks: for each lung).

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19
Q

What is Cavum pleurale?

A

pleural cavity: the narrow space between the parietal and visceral pleura;+ pleural fluid –
liquor pleurae.

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20
Q

What is the Mediastinum?

A

Divides pleural cavity, contains heart and great vessels, esophagus, trachea.

21
Q

What is the Recessus pleurales?

A

clefts between reflected layers of Pleura parietalis allowing movements of the walls and
expansion of the lungs.

22
Q

What are the different types of Recessus pleurales?

A

✓Recesus costodiaphragmaticus – between Pleura costalis and diathragmatica, caudoventral to the basal
border of the lungs.
✓Recessus costomediastinalis – between Pleura costalis and mediastinum.
✓Recessus lumbodiaphragmaticus – in Car, su, ov, cap the Pleura extends caudal to the vertbral end of
the last rib to the the first lumbar vertebra.

23
Q

How does the thoracic cavity communicate with the abdominal cavity?

A

through three openings:

Aortic hiatus – hiatus aorticus
Esophageal hiatus – hiatus oesophageus
Caval foramen – foramen venae cavae

24
Q

What is the abdominal cavity in Latin? What is it composed of?

A

Canial wall: diaphragm cranialy convex (extends into the thorax)
Dorsal wall: proc.transversum of VL
Caudal wall: pelvic inlet
Lateral and ventral walls: Abdominal muscles
Ventral abdominal wall: the umbilicus (navel/belly button)
Inguinal canal: peritonial invagination (tunica vaginalis) to reach the scrotum.

25
Q

What is the name of the lateral abdominal wall?

A

flank

26
Q

What are the three abdominal regions?

A

1) Regio epigastrica – from the diaphragm to
transverse plane at most caudal point on costal arch:
- regio hypochondriaca sinistra et dextra–
cranial to costal arch, is over costal cartilagines
- regio xiphoidea – between costal arches;

2) Regio mesogastrica - from cranial abdominal
region and transverse plane at medial. tuber coxae
- r. abdominis lateralis sinistra et dextra;
Flank – lateral abdominal wall-paralumbar fossa
(fossa paralumbalis)
- r. umbilicalis – the umbilical region- on the
ventral midline.

3) Regio hypogastrica – from middle abdominal
region and linea terminalis.
- regio inguinalis sinistra et dextra – inguinal
region (8;7) ;
- regio pubica – pubic region (9) – cranial to Os
pubis, between right and left inguinal regions.

27
Q

What is the Paralumbar fossa? What is its Latin name?

A

Paralumbar fossa (fossa paralumbalis):

a depression bounded by: the last rib and costal arch, the extremities of the lumbar transverse
processes, the tuber coxae and the terminal line of the pelvic inlet.

28
Q

What is the Perironeum? What is its Latin name?

A

Peritoneum [Peritonaeum]:

Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity
extends caudally into the pelvic cavity.

29
Q

What are the two types of Perironeum?

A

Peritoneum parietale: serosa of the wall (parietal=attached to abdomen wall);
*Peritoneum vicerale: serosa of the organs (visceral=wrapped around internal organs)

30
Q

What is the Peritoneal cavity?

A

Peritoneal cavity – Cavum peritonei
- Space between parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum

31
Q

What are Peritoneal organs? Where are they located? What are they covered with?

A

Peritoneal organs:
- located in peritoneal space
- completely covered by Peritoneum vicerale

32
Q

What are Retroperitonial organs? Where are they located? What are they covered with?

A

Retroperitonial organs:
- (behind the peritoneum) located in the retroperitoneal space,
- covered only on one side with peritoneum

(kidney; ureters, adrenal glands, the aorta, caudal vena cava, and lumbar lymph nodes)

33
Q

What is the pelvic cavity? What does it do? What are its 3 sub compartments?

A

THE PELVIC CAVITY (CAVUM PELVIS)
- the pelvis prolongs the abdomen within the bony
ring

3 components:
* Dorsal wall: sacrum + first three coccygeal
vertebrae
* Ventral and later walls: ossa coxarum + broad
ligaments, muscles, skin
* Caudal wall: pelvic diaphragm - diaphragm pelvis
(of muscles, fascia), skin, caudal rectum, genital
organs.

34
Q

What is the perinerium?

A

PERINEUM -PERINEUM
- Part of the body wall that closes the Apertura pelvis caudalis and surrounds the anal and urogenital canal.

(the region between the ventral aspect of the root of the tail and the vulva/scrotum)

35
Q

What are the four recesses of the peritonial cavity?

A

Recesses of peritonial cavity:
1. Excavatio rectogenitalis –Rectogenital pouch [between rectum and uterus (female) /Plica genitalis (male)]
2. Excavatio vesicogenitalis - Vesicogenital pouch
[between the urinary bladder and uterus (female)/Plica genitalis (male)];
3. Excavatio pubovesicalis - Pubovesical pouch [ventral to the urinary bladder and lateral ligament of urinary bladder (lig. vesicae laterale)]
4. Spatium retroperitoneale [-peritonaeale] - space filled with connective tissue and fat between
peritoneum and body wall

36
Q

What two types of tissues can individual organs be made out of?

A

1) PARENCHYMA
2) TUBULAR (laminate)

37
Q

What are parenchyma?

A

the functional parts of an organ in the body.

38
Q

What is the stroma?

A

the structural tissue of organs. the CONNECTIVE TISSUE (enclose small functional units)

39
Q

State examples of parenchymal organs.

A
  • glands
  • lungs
  • kidneys
  • testes
  • ovaries
  • spleen
  • pancrease
  • skeletal muscle
  • brain
40
Q

What are tubular organs?

A

Are composed of several tissue layers arranged around a lumen.

41
Q

What are the five layers of the tubular organ tunica?

A
  1. TUNICA MUCOSA,
  2. TELA SUBMUCOSA,
  3. Tunica muscularis : STRATUM CIRCULARE (an inner) and STRATUM LONGITUNALE (an outer)
  4. TUNICA SEROSA (If the organ is suspended in the body cavity),
    TUNICA ADVENTITIA (If the organ is surrounded by other tissues, and its connective tissue blends with that of the surrounding tissues.
42
Q

State the tubular organs.

A
  • Digestive apparatus;
  • Respiratory tract;
  • Ducts of urinary, genital organs, exocrine glands;
  • Heart;
  • Blood and lymphatic vessels
43
Q

What are the names of the different organ systems? In Latin?

A

✓ Digestive – Systema digestorium;
✓ Respiratory – Systema respiratorium;
✓ Urinary – Organa urinaria;
✓ Reproduction – Organa reproductiva (Organa genitalia masculina et feminina);
✓ Cardiovascular – Systema cardiovasculare;
✓ Lymphatic – Systema lymphaticum;
✓ Endocrine – Systema endocrinarum;
✓ Nervous – Systema nervosum.

44
Q

What is the study of the visceral organs?

A

Splanchnology

45
Q

What is the vicera of the THORACIC CAVITY?

A

✓Digestive system /tubular organ :
* Esophagus (Esophagus; Oesophagus)

✓Respiratory system/;
* tubular organs: Trachea (Trachea); Bronchi (Bronchi);
* Lung (Pulmo) – parenchymal organ;

✓Cardiovascular system / tubular organs:
Heart (Cor) and blood vessels (Arteriae; Venae);

✓ Lymphatic system:
* Lymph node (Lymphonodus) /parenchymal organ
* Thymus gland (Thymus) – (in juvenile) and endocrine system /parenchymal organ
* Lymph vessels (Vasa lymphatyca) / tubular org.;

✓Nervous system: nerve (Nervi)

46
Q

What is the vicera of the ABDOMINAL CAVITY?

A

✓ Digestive system:
* parenchymal organs: Liver (Hepar) ; Pancreas (Pancreas) – and endocrine system
* tubular organs : Stomach (Ventriculus, gaster) ; Intestine ( Intestinum) ;

✓ Urinary system :
* Kidney (Ren) /parenchymal org.;
* tubular organs: Ureter,abdominal part (Ureter; Pars abdominalis); Urinary bladder (full)
(Vesica urinaria);

✓ Reproduction system :
* parenchymal org.: Ovary (Ovarium);
* tubular organs: Oviductus (Tuba uterina) ; Uterus (Uterus);

✓Lymphatic system:
* parenchymal organs :Spleen (Lien); Lymph node (Lymphonodus);
* tubular organs: Lymph vessels (Vasa lymphatyca);

✓ Endocrine system:parenchymal organs: Adrenal gland (gl. adrenalis); Pancreas (Pancreas);

✓ Cardiovascular system:tubular organs: blood vessels(Arteriae; Venae);

✓Nervous system: nerve (Nervi)

47
Q

What is the vicera of the PELVIC CAVITY?

A

✓Urinary system / tubular organs :
* Urinary bladder (empty) (Vesica urinaria) (full – only cervix of the bladder – Cervix vesicae );
* Ureter (Ureter) (Pelvic part – Pars pelvina );
* Urethra (Urethra); Pelvic urethra (Urethra masculina, Pars pelvina);

✓Reproduction system :
* Male genitalia (Organa genitalia masculina) :
* Accessory genital glands (gll. genitales accessoriae) – parenchymal organs: ;
* Deferent duct (Ductus deferens) –tubular organ ;
* Female genitalia (Organa genitalia feminina) – tubular organs:
* Vestibule (Vestibulum vaginae);
* Vagina (Vagina);

✓Digestive system/tubular organ:
* Rectum (Rectum);

✓Cardiovascular system / tubular organs:
* Blood vessels (Arteriae; Venae);

✓Lymphatic system:
* parenchymal org. : Lymph node (Lymphonodus);
* tubular org. : Lymph vessels (Vasa lymphatyca);

✓Nervous system: nerve (Nervi)

48
Q

What is a bird peculiarity?

A

The ABSENCE of a DIAPHRAGM.

The bird’s diaphragm does not form a complete wall between the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

—> all main organs are located within a unique PERITONEAL cavity which can be divided into several CELOMIC compartments (the peritoneal sacs).

49
Q

Explain the subdivisions of the coelomic cavity.

A

The subdivisions of the coelomic cavity consist of:

  • two pleural cavities (cava pleurae),
  • four hepatic peritoneal cavities (cava hepatica peritonei),
  • an intestinal peritoneal cavity (cavum intestinale peritonei) and
  • a pericardial cavity (cavum pericardii).

General Anatomy (12 decks)

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