board review microbiology fungi/parasites Flashcards
fungal spores
SExual spores in the tissue
which fungi
spherules w/ endospores
not yeats
coccidiodes
question trick
pt explored caves. and dies 7 days later
diagnosis
rabies
not histoplasmosis
Q on boards trick
- pt presents with widened mediastinum and risk factor for histoplasmosis
diagnosis?
vs
- pt returning from war and has widened mediastinum
diagnosis?
1histoplasmosis
2. anthrax ( acute hemoorhagic mediastinitis)
trick question
pt presents with
atypical infiltration in the lungs w/ cavitations
negative PPD
diagnosis
histoplasmosis
how does a pt with fungal ball (aspergillloma) present?
severe hemoptysis
question on boards
how do you treat aspergilloma
surgical removal of the aspergilomma
nots antifungals
a patient with a previous TB infection
and hemoptysis
diagnosis?
aspergillus fumigatus
aspergillomas
question on boards
you have a pt that has been on chemo for a long term
he is stable with neutropenia
all of the sudden he develops fever, cough,
take chest xray and see patchy infiltrate
diagnosis
**how you treat?
invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
(necrotizing bronchopenumonia in immunocompromised)
VORICONAZOLE
boards
pt diagnosed with
aspergillus flavus
it produces Aflatoxins that can cause
hepatocellular carcinoma
****RA pt on TNF a inhibitors
what are they at inc risk for
TB
candidasis
listeriosis
***nocardiosis
invasive aspergillosis
Boards
ketoacidotic diabetic,
nonseptate hyphae branching right angles
mucor and rhizopus
Q on boards
what is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of
entamoeba histolytica
liver abscess
Q
pt has history of entamoeba histolytica and now pt has hemoptysis
xray you see involvement of right lower lobe of the lung
what is the cause of the hemoptysis
the liver abscess has involved the lung causing hemoptysis
what is the largest protozoan that infects human
Balantidum coli
Q on boards
pt presents with nausea, abdominal tenderness, fever, prolonged diarrhea after returning from a Wild boar hunt -drinking from a stream
diagnosis?
Balantidium coli
Q on boards
what are the 3 causes of watery diarrhea in HIV pts
all are acid fast protozoa
intestinal protozoa
cryptosporidium
isospora belli
cyclospora
Q on boards
how will you diagnose crptosproidium
biopsy of intestinal gland which shows dots (cysts) in gland
or
oocyts on acid fast stain
on the boards
HIV pt with anorexia, foul smelling watery diarrhea, wt loss, weakness
acid fast parasite
diagnosis oocyts in the stool
you tx with TMP/SMX and see *** RAPID improvement in symptoms
diagnosis?
cystoisospora belli
pt that has no cell mediated immunity from use of corticosteriods
acid fast bacteria
old guy started having lung problems and then BRAIN ABSCESS
Diagnosis?
nocardia astroid
what parasite
and tx
trypanosoma cruzi
see trypomastigote in blood smear
Q on boards
HIV pt presents to ER with confusion, neurlogical symptoms,
MRI: multiple ring enhancing lesions.
Diagnosis
toxoplasma gondii
causes brain abscess in AIDS pt
know the treatments
a
on the boards
HIV pt with watery diarrhea, loss of appetitie, N, fatigue , abd cramping
acid fast parasite (protozoa)
you see oocyts in stool
tx with tmp smx
you diagnosis this pt with cyclospora
how was this pt infected
by eating
fecally contaminated imported
RASPBERRIES
Q on boards***
pt with
spiking fever,
massive splenomegaly, enlarged liver
pancytopenia
histology shows what for diagnosis?
Amastigotes
within macrophages
diagnosis leishmania donovani
on boards
know these images of the different malaria
know them
on the boards
fever and hemolytic anemia
+
symptoms of malaria
diagnosis
know the histo
babesiosis
what is the most common cause of malaria in US?
incomplete prophylaxis
on boards
a young mexican immigrant has no past med hx is seen in ER w/ new onset
seizures, Ct of the brain shows cystic mass.
what is the most common cause
and tx?
taenia solium- cysticercosis
tx: albendazole and corticosteriods..
first aid says praziquantal
on board
trichuris trichiura
if severe infection of tirchuris trichiura the whipworm
is embedded into rectum leading to edema –> causing?
rectal prolapse!!!
Trick question on boards
pt presents with fever, vomiting, nausea, periorbital edema, myalgias.
he recently ate pork
you suspect a diagnosis of
trichinella spiralis (nematode)
what will you most likely see on stool biopsy?
nothing
because the larvae encyst in straited muscle –> muscle inflammation
they dont complete lifecycle bc we accidentally ingested them
