BMB final exam Flashcards
Global aphasia
- lesion site
- effects
-damage to extensive portions of perisylvian region of brain
INABILITY TO • Speak fluently • Comprehend language • Follow commands • Name objects • Read • Write
Transcortical motor aphasia
- Lesion anterior or superior to Broca’s area in frontal lobe
- Characteristics:
- Good comprehension—Wernicke’s area not affected
- Non-fluent halting, effortful speech
- Uses 1-2 words utterance
- Repetition is preserved—may exhibit delay in initiation of repetition due to damage in frontal lobe
- Severely impaired writing ability–often more severely affected than speaking
- Reading may be spared
- May be due to lesion in region between anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries
GOOD COMPREHENSION, GOOD REPETITION, NONFLUENT SPEECH
Transcortical sensory aphasia
- Lesion at left temporal-occipital-parietal junction behind Wernicke’s area
- Characteristics:
- Severely impaired comprehension
- Good repetition
- Fluent but paraphasic
- Semantic paraphasias–use another word of similar content (e.g. Apple is mistaken for Orange, Paper is mistaken for Pencil, etc.)
- Reading/writing impaired
- May be due to lesion between middle and posterior cerebral arteries
POOR COMPREHENSION, GOOD REPETITION, FLUENT SPEECH
Transection of the arcuate fasciculus causes
Conduction aphasia
GOOD COMPREHENSION, POOR REPETITION AND FLUENT SPEECH
Congenital color vision defects
- which cone?
- prot
- deut
- trit - type of defect?
- anomalous trichromatism (anomaly)
- dichromatopsia (anopia)
- achromatopsia
prot - red
deut - green
trit - blue
anomaly - cone abnormal
anopia - cone absent
achromatopsia - 2-3 cones absent
Myopia
hyperopia
astigmatism
myopia - nearsightedness
hyperopia - farsighted
astigmatism - astigmatism is a condition in which an abnormal curvature of the cornea can cause two focal points to fall in two different locations, making objects up close and at a distance appear blurry.
meroencephaly, exencephaly, anencephaly, cranioschisis all have what in common
incomplete neurulation at the cranial end of the neural tube, brain is exposed and undeveloped
rachischisis, myeloschisis defined by
incomplete neurulation in the caudal region, lumbar/sacral spinal cord exposed and underdeveloped
inionschisis
failure of the neural tube near the occipital region to fuse
Clinical reflexes Biceps Triceps Patella Achilles Babinski
Biceps - C5 nerve root Triceps - C7 nerve root Patellar - L4 nerve root Achilles - S1 nerve root Babinski - dorsiflexion of big toe and fanning of other toes
Location for cranial nerve nuclei
Midbrain - CN III, IV
Pons - CN V, VI, VII, VIII
Medulla - CN IX, X, XII
Spinal cord - CN XI
Plates for sensory vs motor and division b/w 2
Lateral - sensory (alar plate)
Medial - motor (basal plate)
Corneal reflex
A - V1 (nasociliary)
E - VII (temporal; orbicularis oculi)
Lacrimation reflex
A - V1 (no loss of emotional tears)
E - VII
Jaw jerk reflex
A - V3 (sensory - muscle spindle from masseter)
E - V3 (motor - masseter)
