Blueprint FL 2: B/B Flashcards
number of chromosomes ina human diploid cell
46
number of chromosomes in a human haploid cell
23
acrocentric chromosome
A chromosome where the centromere is not central and is instead located near the end of the chromosome
Robertsonian Translocation
when the two long arms of two acocentric chromosomes fuse together, and their short arms are lost
the individual then has 1 less chromosome than usual
monosomy
the condition in which only one chromosome from a pair is present in cells rather than the two copies usually found in diploid cells
Eicosanoids
a large family of signalling molecules derived from arachidonic acid
includes prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes
arachidonic acid
an essential fatty acid and a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes
hydronium ion
H3O+
hydroxide ion
OH-
vector
a living organism that transmits an infectious agent from an infected animal to a human or another animal
ex. mosquito transmit diseases from other animals into humans
germ cells
sex cells (egg and sperm cells)
as opposed to somatic (body) cells
what is the order of oocyte (egg cell) production
what stage are eggs at when a female baby is born?
they are a primary oocyte
are arrested in prophase I until puberty, then meiosis 1 finishes and they beocme secondary oocytes
what does ONE primary oocyte develop into upon INITIAL DIVISION?
1 daughter secondary oocyte (receives bulk of the cytoplasm)
1 polar body (tiny haploid cell that is too small and dies)
how many polar bodies can develop from 1 primary oocytes?
three
when does the secondary oocyte complete meiosis II?
only once the sperm has entered… then it quickly splits its DNA and leaves a small polar body behind
what is the ovum
the egg that has completed meiosis II and has sperm nucleus inside but the 2 nuclei have not fused yet (fertilization has not happened yet)
what stage of an egg is released upon menstruation (if the egg is not fertilized)?
a secondary oocyte (it never becomes an ovum)
spermatocyte
a cell that gives rise to sperm cells
what is the order of sperm cell production
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
a lab technique for rapidly producing (amplifying) millions to billions of copies of a specific segment of DNA
parsimony
evolution
tells us to choose the simplest scientific explanation that fits the evidence
the best hypothesis is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary changes
RT-PCT stand for…
reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
PCR vs RT-PCR
PCR: used to amplify DNA from a small amount of DNA template
RT-PCR: produces a DNA template from an RNA source that can then be amplified
in a phylogenic tree… which species will branch of FIRST
the most unique species…
if all the species but 1 have a given trait/gene, the species without the gene will branch first
matrilineal inheritence
genes that are inherited from the mother
