Blue boxes: Pterygopalatine (and oral-they overlap)

Question 1

Describe a cleft lip

Answer 1

In the transitional zone of the vermillion border of the lip and can have varying levels of severity

1 in 1000 births and more common in males

can be unilateral or bilateral

Question 2

Describe cyanosis of the lips

Answer 2

The lips receive blood flow like everything else and when the body gets cold, the blood is circulated more toward the major organs of the body the lips can become cyanotic (blue) due a decrease in blood flow

Question 3

What occurs in the case of a large labial frenulum

Answer 3

can create a gap between the teeth and cause the roots of the teeth to be exposed by raising the gingiva up

Question 4

What is gingivitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of the gingiva from improper oral hygiene

Question 5

What are dental caries?

Answer 5

The break down of the hard tissues of a tooth from oral bacteria

eventually the caries can erode down into the pulp of the tooth and cause the tooth to die and cause a significant amount of pain

Question 6

True or False: A maxillary molar tooth abscess is not able to extend back into the maxillary sinuses through the nasal cavity

Answer 6

False they CAN

Question 7

What is hyperdontia?

Answer 7

Too many teeth

Question 8

Which tooth is in close proximity to the lingual nerve?

Answer 8

The 3rd molars; damage to this nerve will cause damage to the ipsilateral side of the tongue

Question 9

Describe a nasopalatine block

Answer 9

nasopalatine nerves are injected via the incisive fossa of the hard palate; numbs the palatal mucosa, lingual gingiva, and the alveolar bone, hard palate, 6 maxillary teeth

Question 10

Describe a greater palatine block

Answer 10

Injecting anesthetic into the greater palatine foramen between the 2nd and 3rd molar

Question 11

Describe a cleft palate

Answer 11

Cleft palate without a cleft lip occurs in 1 in 2500 children and is more common in females

Question 12

Which nerve contributes to the gag reflex?

Answer 12

Glossopharyngeal branches provide the afferent limb of the gag reflex

Question 13

What nerves are in charge of the muscular contraction of the sides of the pharynx?

Answer 13

CN IX and CN X

Question 14

What is the concern with paralysis of the genioglossus

Answer 14

That the tongue will fall too posterior and block the airway; intubated to prevent the tongue from relapsing

Question 15

What is a way that you can increase the uptake of a drug?

Answer 15

Sublingual because of the deep lingual veins

Question 16

What is lingual carcinoma?

Answer 16

Lies in the posterior part of the tongue and is able to mets to the deep cervical lymph nodes on both sides; can travel to the glands via the Internal jugular vein

Question 17

What is a lingual frenectomy?

Answer 17

The frenulum under the tongue is too taught and causes a tongue tie; to correct this, the frenulum must be cut

Question 18

Describe a nasal fracture

Answer 18

Common in car accidents and contact sports because the most is prominent; epistaxis usually occurs

sometimes the cartilages can be disrupted or even fractures in the ethmoid to cribriform plates

Question 19

Describe a deviation of the nasal septum

Answer 19

The nasal septum deviates and can obstruct breathing and cause snoring at night

Question 20

Describe Rhinitis

Answer 20

Nasal mucosa swells secondary to an infection, cold, or allergies; inflammation in the nasal cavities

Question 21

What is epistaxis? Why does it occur?

Answer 21

Nose bleed; occurs due to the highly vascularized characteristics of the nose including the Kiesselbach area

Question 22

Describe sinusitis

Answer 22

Inflammation of the sinuses following an infection; inflammation and swelling of the mucosa

Question 23

Describe infection of the ethmoidal cells

Answer 23

occurs when the nasal drainage pathways are blocked; the infection can break through the orbit of the eye and can infect the optic nerve which results in optic neuritis

Question 24

Why are the maxillary sinuses so commonly infected?

Answer 24

Their “drains” are located in a superior location, so they do not start draining until they are completely full, which means that everything has had some time to fester for a bit

Question 25

Why is it important to remember that the teeth are very close in proximity to the maxillary sinus?

Answer 25

In dental procedures you do not want to puncture the sinus

Also describes why when you have a bad cold your teeth hurt

Question 26

Describe transillumination of the sinuses

Answer 26

You can place a bright light against the patients cheek or up through the orbit to see the maxillary and the frontal sinuses; if the glow is bright then the sinus is clear; if it is dim, then you know that there is a fluid build up in the sinus