Blue boxes: Pterygopalatine (and oral-they overlap) Flashcards
Describe a cleft lip
In the transitional zone of the vermillion border of the lip and can have varying levels of severity
1 in 1000 births and more common in males
can be unilateral or bilateral
Describe cyanosis of the lips
The lips receive blood flow like everything else and when the body gets cold, the blood is circulated more toward the major organs of the body the lips can become cyanotic (blue) due a decrease in blood flow
What occurs in the case of a large labial frenulum
can create a gap between the teeth and cause the roots of the teeth to be exposed by raising the gingiva up
What is gingivitis
Inflammation of the gingiva from improper oral hygiene
What are dental caries?
The break down of the hard tissues of a tooth from oral bacteria
eventually the caries can erode down into the pulp of the tooth and cause the tooth to die and cause a significant amount of pain
True or False: A maxillary molar tooth abscess is not able to extend back into the maxillary sinuses through the nasal cavity
False they CAN
What is hyperdontia?
Too many teeth
Which tooth is in close proximity to the lingual nerve?
The 3rd molars; damage to this nerve will cause damage to the ipsilateral side of the tongue
Describe a nasopalatine block
nasopalatine nerves are injected via the incisive fossa of the hard palate; numbs the palatal mucosa, lingual gingiva, and the alveolar bone, hard palate, 6 maxillary teeth
Describe a greater palatine block
Injecting anesthetic into the greater palatine foramen between the 2nd and 3rd molar
Describe a cleft palate
Cleft palate without a cleft lip occurs in 1 in 2500 children and is more common in females
Which nerve contributes to the gag reflex?
Glossopharyngeal branches provide the afferent limb of the gag reflex
What nerves are in charge of the muscular contraction of the sides of the pharynx?
CN IX and CN X
What is the concern with paralysis of the genioglossus
That the tongue will fall too posterior and block the airway; intubated to prevent the tongue from relapsing
What is a way that you can increase the uptake of a drug?
Sublingual because of the deep lingual veins
What is lingual carcinoma?
Lies in the posterior part of the tongue and is able to mets to the deep cervical lymph nodes on both sides; can travel to the glands via the Internal jugular vein
What is a lingual frenectomy?
The frenulum under the tongue is too taught and causes a tongue tie; to correct this, the frenulum must be cut
Describe a nasal fracture
Common in car accidents and contact sports because the most is prominent; epistaxis usually occurs
sometimes the cartilages can be disrupted or even fractures in the ethmoid to cribriform plates
Describe a deviation of the nasal septum
The nasal septum deviates and can obstruct breathing and cause snoring at night
Describe Rhinitis
Nasal mucosa swells secondary to an infection, cold, or allergies; inflammation in the nasal cavities
What is epistaxis? Why does it occur?
Nose bleed; occurs due to the highly vascularized characteristics of the nose including the Kiesselbach area
Describe sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinuses following an infection; inflammation and swelling of the mucosa
Describe infection of the ethmoidal cells
occurs when the nasal drainage pathways are blocked; the infection can break through the orbit of the eye and can infect the optic nerve which results in optic neuritis
Why are the maxillary sinuses so commonly infected?
Their “drains” are located in a superior location, so they do not start draining until they are completely full, which means that everything has had some time to fester for a bit
