Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Blood vessels, pressure and regulation > Flashcards

Blood vessels, pressure and regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What determines systemic circulation?

A

Anatomy of the circulatory system
Hemodynamis of blood flow
Regulatory mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of peripheral circulation?

A 
Carry blood 
Exchange nutrients, waste products, gases 
Transport important substances 
Regulate blood pressure 
Direct blood flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What lines the entire cardiovascular system?

A

Endothelium

Simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is laminar flow?

A

Streamlined flow when the interior of the blood vessel is smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is turbulent flow?

A

Interrupted flow caused by constriction, sharp turns, rough surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is blood flow?

A

The volume that passes a specific point per unit time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What determines flow rate?

A

The pressure differenced between two points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is resistance?

A

How difficult it is for blood to flow between two points at any given pressure difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is poiseuille’s law?

A

Flow decreases when resistance increases and vice versa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is viscosity?

A

Measure of resistance of liquid to flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

Percentage of red blood cells per total blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does resistance of blood flow occur?

A

In the arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is pressure held constant?

A

Larger arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is compliance

A

How stretchy the vessel is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why does blood pressure increase with age?

A

Because of the decrease in compliance of the vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two ways to control vasoconstriction/dilation?

A

Local controls

Extrinsic or reflex controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 local controls?

A

Active hyperemia
Flow autoregulation
Reactive hyperemia
Local response to injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 extrinsic controls?

A

Sympathetic nerves
Noncholinergic/nonadrenergic autonomic nerves
hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is active hyperemia?

A

Increased blood flow to the tisssues due to increased metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is flow autoregulation?

A

If arterial pressure is reduced in an organ, arteriolar dilation will return flow back to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is reactive hyperemia?

A

When blood flow is blocked to a tissue, there is a profound transient increase in its flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the local response to injury?

A

Secretions during inflammatory response result in vasodilation to increase blood flow to the damaged tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do alpha 1 receptors cause?

A

Vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does sympathetic nerve stimulation cause?

A

Vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Do parasympathetic nerves influence arterioles?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do noncholinergic/nonadrenergic autonomic neurons release?

A

Nitric oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does nitric oxide cause?

A

Vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where are noncholinergic/nonadrenergic neurons found?

A

In the digestive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What do beta 2 receptors cause?

A

Vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does epinephrine cause?

A

Vasodilation

31
Q

What does angiotensin II cause?

A

Vasoconstriction

32
Q

What does ADH cause?

A

Vasoconstriction

33
Q

What does atrial natriuretic peptide cause?

A

Vasodilation

34
Q

What does endothelin 1 cause?

A

Vasoconstriction

35
Q

When is endothelin 1 released?

A

In response to mechanical and chemical stress

36
Q

What mainly controls the blood flow to the heart?

A

Local metabolic factors

37
Q

What is critical closing pressure?

A

Pressure at which a blood vessel collapses and blood flow stops?

38
Q

What is laplace’s law?

A

Force acting on blood vessel wall is proportional to diameter of the vessel times blood pressure

39
Q

What are the 4 short term regulation mechanisms?

A

Baroreceptor reflex
Chemoreceptor reflex
Central nervous system ishemic response
Adrenal medullary mechanism

40
Q

What happens during the baroreceptor reflex?

A

Increases in blood pressure in the vicinity of the receptors will increase the number of action potentials from the receptors to the CNS and motor impulses will alter heart rate and BP

41
Q

What does stimulation of the vasomotor center cause?

A

Vasodilation of blood vessels

42
Q

What does stimulation of the cardio regulatry center cause

A

Increase in parasympathetic stimulation to the heart

43
Q

What is the bainbridge reflex?

A

Receptors in the right atrium get stimulated by increase in volume and causes an increase in heart rate

44
Q

What happens during the chemoreceptor reflex?

A

When oxygen levels drop, increase in action potential to vasomotor center occurs, causes vasoconstriction, increased BP, and reduced PCO2 and increased PO2

45
Q

What happens during the adrenal medullary mechanism?

A

Release of epi and norepi during sympathetic dominance in the body, causes increased HR, stroke volume, vasoconstriction, BP

46
Q

When does the CNS ischemic response happen?

A

In emergency situations when blood flow to the brain is severely restricted

47
Q

What happens during the CNS ischemic response?

A

Sympathetic stimulation, vasoconstriction and increased BP

48
Q

What are the 4 long term blood pressure regulation mechanisms?

A

Renin-angiotensins-Aldosterone mechanism
Vasopressin mechanism
Atrial natriuretic mechanism
Fluid shift

49
Q

What causes the RAAS mechanism?

A

Reduction in blood pressure

50
Q

What is the result of the RAAS mechanism?

A

Increased blood pressure from vasoconstriction

51
Q

What stimulates the vasopressin mechanism?

A

Increase in plasma osmolarity or drop in BP

52
Q

What is the result of the vasopressin mechanism?

A

Vasoconstriction of arterioles
Reabsorption of water
Increased BP

53
Q

What stimulates the atrial natriuretic mechanism?

A

Increased venous return, stretching of atrial walls, and increased blood pressure

54
Q

What is the result of the atrial natriuretic mechanism?

A

Loss of sodium through kidneys
Vasodilation
Decreased BP

55
Q

When does the fluid shift mechanism occur?

A

In response to changes in pressure across capillary walls

56
Q

What is a continuous capillary?

A

No gaps betwen the endothelial cells making them less permeable to large molecules

57
Q

Where are continuous capillaries found?

A

Muscle and nervous tissue

58
Q

What are fenestrated capillaries?

A

Have pores in the endothelial cells making them highly permeable

59
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

Intestinal villi, ciliary processes of eye, choroid plexus, glomeruli of kidney

60
Q

What are sinusoidal capillaries?

A

Large diameter with large fenestrae and less basement membrane

61
Q

Where are sinusoidal capillaries found?

A

In endocrine glands

62
Q

What is the most important means of exchange in the capillaries?

A

Diffusion

63
Q

What 3 things affect movement of fluid from capillaries?

A

Blood pressure
Capillary permeability
Osmosis

64
Q

What is the net filtration pressure?

A

Force responsible for moving fluid across capillary walls

65
Q

What affects the net filtration pressure?

A

Hydrostatic pressue and osmotic pressure

66
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Physical pressure of blood flowing through the vessels or of fluid in interstitial spaces

67
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Movement of fluid through the plasma membrane in the presence of a non-diffusible solute

68
Q

Net filtration pressure equation

A

Net hydrostatic pressure minus net osmotic pressure

69
Q

What is the net hydrostatic pressure equation?

A

Blood pressure minus interstitial fluid pressure

70
Q

What is the net osmotic pressure equation?

A

Blood colloid osmotic pressure minus interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

71
Q

Edema is from

A

Fluid moving from the capillaries into the interstital fluid

72
Q

What four things can cause edema?

A

Chemicals of inflammation
Decrease in plasma concentration of protein
Blockage of veins increases capillary blood pressure
Blockage or removal of lymphatic vessels

73
Q

How does gravity effect blood pressure?

A

Increased below the heart and decreased above the heart

Anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions