Blood and Hemostasis Flashcards
What are the functions of blood?
Transportation
Regulates homeostasis
Protection
What is the normal blood volume?
4-5L F
5-6L M
What is found in the plasma?
Water
Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Regulates water movement across membranes
Globulin
Component in immune system
Fibrinogen
Precursor to fibrin
Hematopoiesis
Production of formed elements
Where does hematopoiesis occur?
In the red marrow
Erythropoiesis
Formation of RBC
What stimulates erythropoiesis?
Low oxygen levels
Pernicious anemia
A deficiency of erythrocytes due to vitamin B12 deficiency
Neutrophils
50-70% of WBC
Phagocytic and cytoplasm contains large amounts of lysozymes
Lymphocytes
20-40% of WBC
B-cells and T-cells
Monocytes
2-8% of WBC
Leave circulation and phagocytic
Eosinophils
1-4% of WBC
Destroy antigen-antibody complexes and reduce inflammatory response
Basophils
0.1=0.3%
Produce anti-clotting effects, histamine, and heparin
Platelets
Initiate blood clotting mechanism
Hemostasis
Arrest of bleeding
Three mechanisms of hemostasis
Blood vessel spasm
Platelet plug formation
Blood coagulation
Blood vessel spasms
Smooth muscle in wall of vessel contracts preventing flow of blood through vessel
Prostacyclin
Profound inhibitor of platelets sticking to walls
Nitric oxide
Vasodilator and inhibits platelet activation, aggregation, adhesion
Thromboxane A2
Causes strong vasoconstriction and platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation
Platelet plug formation
Adhesion and aggregation of platelets that can seal openings in blood vessels
