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Anatomy > Blood and Hemostasis > Flashcards

Blood and Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A

Transportation
Regulates homeostasis
Protection

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2
Q

What is the normal blood volume?

A

4-5L F

5-6L M

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3
Q

What is found in the plasma?

A

Water
Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen

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4
Q

Albumin

A

Regulates water movement across membranes

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5
Q

Globulin

A

Component in immune system

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6
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Precursor to fibrin

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7
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Production of formed elements

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8
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

In the red marrow

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9
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Formation of RBC

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10
Q

What stimulates erythropoiesis?

A

Low oxygen levels

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11
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

A deficiency of erythrocytes due to vitamin B12 deficiency

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12
Q

Neutrophils

A

50-70% of WBC

Phagocytic and cytoplasm contains large amounts of lysozymes

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13
Q

Lymphocytes

A

20-40% of WBC

B-cells and T-cells

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14
Q

Monocytes

A

2-8% of WBC

Leave circulation and phagocytic

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15
Q

Eosinophils

A

1-4% of WBC

Destroy antigen-antibody complexes and reduce inflammatory response

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16
Q

Basophils

A

0.1=0.3%

Produce anti-clotting effects, histamine, and heparin

17
Q

Platelets

A

Initiate blood clotting mechanism

18
Q

Hemostasis

A

Arrest of bleeding

19
Q

Three mechanisms of hemostasis

A

Blood vessel spasm
Platelet plug formation
Blood coagulation

20
Q

Blood vessel spasms

A

Smooth muscle in wall of vessel contracts preventing flow of blood through vessel

21
Q

Prostacyclin

A

Profound inhibitor of platelets sticking to walls

22
Q

Nitric oxide

A

Vasodilator and inhibits platelet activation, aggregation, adhesion

23
Q

Thromboxane A2

A

Causes strong vasoconstriction and platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation

24
Q

Platelet plug formation

A

Adhesion and aggregation of platelets that can seal openings in blood vessels

25
Q

Von willebrand’s factor

A

Secreted by blood vessle endothelial cells and aids in the adherence of platelet to exposed collagen

26
Q

Blood coagulation

A

Conversion of soluble plasma fibrinogen into insoluble threads of fibrin

27
Q

What is the most effeective form of hemostasis?

A

Blood coagulation

28
Q

Stage 1 of coagulation

A

formation of prothrombinase

29
Q

Stage 2 of coagulation

A

Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin by prothrombinase

30
Q

Stage 3 of coagulation

A

Conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin by thrombin

31
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

Digestion of fibrin by plasmin

32
Q

Hemocytoblasts

A

Stem cells capable of forming the formed elements in blood

Anatomy (11 decks)

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