Blood Vessels And The Blood Film

Question 1

How to separate blood

Answer 1

Spin in centrifuge

Question 2

Components of blood

Answer 2

45% red blood cells
<1% buffy coat (platelets and white blood cells)
55% plasma

Question 3

Where are clotting factors found?

Answer 3

In the plasma

Question 4

What is serum?

Answer 4

When clotting factors are removed from plasma

Question 5

What are erythrocytes?

Answer 5

Red blood cells

Question 6

RBC structure (4)

Answer 6

Bioconcave discs
7 micro m diameter
No nucleus or organelles
Has a network of flexible cytoskeleton elements

Question 7

3 types of granulocytes (white blood cells)

Answer 7

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 8

2 types of agranulocytes

Answer 8

Monocytes
Lymphocytes

Question 9

Composition of granulocytes

Answer 9

Neutrophils - 40-70% of WBC’s
Eosinophils - 5%
Basophils - 5%

Question 10

Neutrophils function and structure

Answer 10

Phagocytes (when activated)
Single, multi-lobed nucleus
Have acidic granules that stain red and contain hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 11

Eosinophils function and structure

Answer 11

Bi-lobed nucleus.
Respond to Inflammation

Question 12

What do hydrolytic enzymes cause

Answer 12

Inflammation

Question 13

Basophils structure and function

Answer 13

Effector cells in allergic reactions
Have basic granules that stain purple.
Bi-lobed nucleus

Question 14

Composition of agranulocytes

Answer 14

Monocytes: 1-5%
Lymphocytes: 20-50%

Question 15

Platelets definition

Answer 15

Cell fragments that play an important role in homeostasis

Question 16

What are the 3 layers of the arteries?

Answer 16

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

Question 17

What is the tunica intima?

Answer 17

Single layer of squamous epithelial cells supported by the basal lamina and a thin layer of connective tissue

Question 18

Monocytes structure and function

Answer 18

Precursors of tissue phagocytes (macrophages)
Large kidney bean shaped nucleus

Question 19

Lymphocytes structure and function

Answer 19

Small spherical nucleus
Basophilc (blue) cytoplasm
Gives rise to plasma cells that secrete antibodies

Question 20

What is tunica media made of?

Answer 20

Mainly smooth muscle

Question 21

What is tunica adventitia made of?

Answer 21

Supporting connective tissue

Question 22

Arteriole structure

Answer 22

1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media
Almost no tunica adventitia

Question 23

Capillaries structure

Answer 23

Endothelial cells and a basal lamina

Question 24

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

Answer 24

Continuous: No pores
Fenestrated: Small pores
Discontinuous: Large gaps

Question 25

What is in the tunica media of venules?

Answer 25

Intermittent smooth muscle

Question 26

What are postcapillary venules made of?

Answer 26

Endothelium
Thin layer of connective tissue

Question 27

Features of tunica media in veins:

Answer 27

Thin and continuous

Question 28

B cells function

Answer 28

Give rise to plasma cells that secrete antibodies

Question 29

T cells function

Answer 29

Many defensive functions
Differentiates in thymus