Blood Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

transport blood from the
right ventricle, through the lungs, and back to the left atrium

Answer 1

Pulmonary vessels

Question 2

transport blood from the left ventricle, through all parts of the body, and back to the right atrium

Answer 2

Systemic vessels

Question 3

The circulatory system has five unique functions:

Answer 3

Carries blood
Exchange nutrients, waste products, and gases with tissues
Transport substances
Helps regulate blood pressure
Direct blood flow to tissues

Question 4

Scattered along the length of the capillary are ________________ closely associated with the endothelial cells.

Answer 4

Pericapillary cells

Question 5

Most capillaries range from ____________ in diameter, and they branch without changing in diameter.

Answer 5

7 μm to 9 μm

Question 6

three main types of blood vessels are:

Answer 6

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Question 7

All blood vessels have an internal lining of simple squamous epithelial cells called the

Answer 7

Endothelium

Question 8

Capillaries are classified as

Answer 8

Continuous
Fenestrated
Siinusoidal

Question 9

are larger in diameter than either continuous or fenestrated capillaries, and their basement membrane is less prominent

Answer 9

Sinusoidal capillaries

Question 10

are similar in structure to the sinusoidal capillaries but even larger in diameter.

Answer 10

Venous sinuses

Question 11

They are found primarily in the spleen, and there are large gaps between the
endothelial cells that make up their walls.

Answer 11

venous sinuses

Question 12

Blood flows from arterioles to capillary networks through

Answer 12

Metarterioles

Question 13

Blood then flows from a metarteriole into a

Answer 13

Thoroughfare channel

Question 14

are specialized vascular connections that allow blood to flow directly from arterioles to small veins without passing through capillaries.

Answer 14

Arteriovenous anastomoses

Question 15

is an arteriovenous anastomosis that consists of arterioles with abundant smooth muscle in their walls.

Answer 15

Glomus

Question 16

can form in areas of the body as a result of injury or tumors.

Answer 16

Pathologic arteriovenous anastomoses

Question 17

The tunica intima consists of four layers:

Answer 17

endothelium
a basement membrane
a thin layer of connective tissue called the lamina propria
a fenestrated layer of elastic fibers called
the internal elastic membrane

Question 18

separates the tunica intima from the tunica media

Answer 18

internal elastic membrane

Question 19

or middle layer, consists of smooth muscle cells arranged circularly around the blood vessel.

Answer 19

Tunica media

Question 20

separates the tunica media from the tunica
adventitia.

Answer 20

External elastic membrane

Question 21

have the largest diameters and are often called conducting arteries.

Answer 21

Elastic arteries

Question 22

include medium-sized and small arteries

Answer 22

Muscular arteries

Question 23

are the smallest veins.

Answer 23

Venules

Question 24

As the vessels increase to 0.2–0.3 mm in
diameter, the smooth muscle cells form a continuous layer; the vessels are then called

Answer 24

Small veins

Question 25

Most of the veins observed in gross anatomical dissections are

Answer 25

Medium veins
Large veins

Question 26

transport blood from the medium veins to the heart

Answer 26

Large veins

Question 27

In some areas of the body, a capillary network is directly connected to another capillary network by

Answer 27

Portal veins

Question 28

Veins that have diameters greater than 2 mm contain

Answer 28

Valves

Question 29

which allow blood to flow toward the heart, but not in the opposite direction

Answer 29

valves

Question 30

which penetrate from the exterior of the vessel to form a capillary network in
the tunica adventitia and the tunica media

Answer 30

Vasa vasorum

Question 31

(hardening of the arteries) consists of degenerative changes in arteries that make
them less elastic.

Answer 31

Arteriosclerosis

Question 32

is the deposition of material in the walls of arteries to form distinct plaques.

Answer 32

Atherosclerosis

Question 33

The heart pumps deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle into a short artery (about 5 cm long) called the

Answer 33

Pulmonary trunk

Question 34

All arteries of the systemic circulation are derived either directly or indirectly from the

Answer 34

Aorta

Question 35

Three general parts of aorta

Answer 35

Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Descending aorta

Question 36

Ascending aorta is approximately 5 cm
long and has only two arteries branching from it:

Answer 36

Right coronary arteries
Left coronary arteries

Question 37

The aorta then arches posteriorly and to the left as the

Answer 37

Aortic arch

Question 38

Three major arteries branch from the aortic arch and carry blood to the head and upper limbs.

Answer 38

Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

Question 39

is the longest part of the aorta and it extends
through the thorax in the left side of the mediastinum and through
the abdomen to the superior margin of the pelvis.

Answer 39

Descending aorta

Question 41

which are the only branches of the ascending aorta

Answer 41

Coronary arteries

Question 42

The first vessel to branch from the aortic arch is the

Answer 42

Brachiocephalic artery

Question 43

The second branch of the aortic arch is the ___________________, which transports blood to the left side of the head and neck.

Answer 43

Left common carotid artery

Question 44

The third branch of the aortic arch is the ____________, which transports blood to the left upper limb.

Answer 44

Left subclavian artery

Question 45

each common carotid artery branches into

Answer 45

Internal carotid arteries
external carotid arteries

Question 46

is a sudden neurological disorder, often caused by decreased blood supply to a part of the brain.

Answer 46

Stroke

Question 47

The left and right vertebral arteries unite to form

Answer 47

Midline basilar artery

Question 48

The left and right vertebral arteries
branches to form the ________________, which supply
the posterior part of the cerebrum

Answer 48

Posterior cerebral arteries

Question 49

The middle cerebral arteries connect to the posterior cerebral arteries by way of the

Answer 49

Posterior communicating arteries

Question 50

The three major arteries of the upper limb are the

Answer 50

Subclavian
Axillary
Brachial arteries

Question 51

is formed by the ulnar artery and is completed by anastomosing with the radial artery.

Answer 51

Superficial palmar arch

Question 52

is formed by the radial artery and is completed by anastomosing with the ulnar artery.

Answer 52

Deep palmar arch

Question 53

The branches of the thoracic aorta are divided into two groups:

Answer 53

Visceral branches
parietal branches

Question 54

supplying portions of the thoracic
organs

Answer 54

Visceral branches

Question 55

supplying portions of the thoracic wall

Answer 55

Parietal branches

Question 56

The thoracic walls are supplied with blood by the

Answer 56

Intercostal arteries

Question 57

which consist of two sets: the anterior intercostals and the posterior intercostals.

Answer 57

Intercostal arteries

Question 57

supply blood to the diaphragm.

Answer 57

Superior phrenic arteries

Question 58

There are three major unpaired
branches of the abdominal aorta:

Answer 58

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 59

At the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra, the abdominal aorta divides into

Answer 59

Two common iliac arteries