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A&P II > Blood unit vocab deck 1 > Flashcards

Blood unit vocab deck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

color of blood

A

arterial blood is bright red; venous blood- dark red

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2
Q

connective tissue

A

blood is a type of connective tissue

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3
Q

matrix

A

extracellular substance in connective tissue

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4
Q

fibers-fibrin threads

A

produced by fibroblasts

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5
Q

plasma

A

liquid part of blood, contains clotting factors

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6
Q

serum (s), sera (pl)

A

liquid part of blood without clotting factors

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7
Q

formed elements

A

white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets

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8
Q

red bone marrow

A

where blood cells are made

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9
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

marrow that is fat

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10
Q

hematopoiesis

A

the forming of blood cells, takes place in red bone marrow

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11
Q

differentiation/differentiated cells

A

cells becoming specialized/ specialized cells

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12
Q

stem cells

A

unprogrammed, undifferentiated cells

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13
Q

hemocytoblasts

A

partially programmed cells in red bone marrow

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14
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

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15
Q

biconcave

A

describes the shape of a mature RBC

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16
Q

anucleate

A

lacking a nucleus, mature RBCs are anucleate

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17
Q

hemoglobin

A

found in RBCs, carries oxygen

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18
Q

adenosine triphospahte

A

ATP, usable energy source

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19
Q

cellular respiration

A

process that takes food and converts it into ATP

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20
Q

anaerobic

A

cellular respiration without oxygen

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21
Q

aerobic

A

cellular respiration with oxygen

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22
Q

oxygen

A

needed for aerobic cell respiration

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23
Q

carbon dioxide

A

a waste of cellular respiration

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24
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells

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25
Q

wright’s stain

A

used to stain blood smears for WBC differentials

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26
Q

diapedesis

A

the passage of certain WBCs through capillary walls

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27
Q

B cells

A

a type of lymphoctye that produces antibodies

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28
Q

Functions of Blood; distribution

A

blood transports oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract, metabolic wastes from cells to the lungs and kidneys for elimination and hormones from endocrine glands to target organs.

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29
Q

blood is the body’s only_____

A

tissue fluid.

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30
Q

Blood is composed of

A

liquid plasma &; formed elements

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31
Q

Formed elements include

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.

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32
Q

hematocrit (or packed cell volume PCV)

A

a blood test that measures the % of the volume of whole blood that is made of RBC ; the percentage of red blood cells out of the total blood volume, depends on the number and size of the RBC; males 40.7 -50.3%; females 36.1 - 44.3 % females.

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33
Q

ameoba

A

a unicellular organism

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34
Q

amoeboid motion

A

moving like an amoeba

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35
Q

Non specific defenses: 1st line

A

physical barriers like skin

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36
Q

nonspecific defenses: 2nd line

A

phagocytic WBCs

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37
Q

special defenses

A

the immune system

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38
Q

granulocytes

A

WBCs that have granules in their cytoplasm

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39
Q

Lobed nuclei

A

a nucleus that is divided into connecting lobules

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40
Q

cytoplasm

A

gel like (mainly water) inside cells

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41
Q

nucleoplasm

A

the gel-like cytoplasm inside the nucleus

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42
Q

neutrophils

A

granulocytic WBC, most predominant, multiobed, polymorphonuclear, increases in bacterial infections, 50-70%

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43
Q

Eosinophils

A

granulocytic WBC, two-lobed nucleus, increased in parasitic infections and allergies. 2-4%

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44
Q

Bilobed nucleus

A

a cell with 2 lobes that are connected

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45
Q

cytoplasmic granules

A

structures in the cytoplasm with a variety of functions

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46
Q

lysosome

A

one type of cytoplasmic granule, involved in breaking things down

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47
Q

Eosinophila

A

increase in eosinophils

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48
Q

basophils

A

another granulocytic WBC, release histamine, 0.5-1%

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49
Q

vasodilator

A

dilates blood vessels

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50
Q

histamine

A

an example of a vasodilator

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51
Q

antigens

A

markers, identifiers, found on the cell membrane of cells

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52
Q

coagulant

A

to clot

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53
Q

anticoagulant

A

to work in opposition to clotting

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54
Q

Heparin

A

an example of an anticoagulant

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55
Q

Agranulocytes

A

WMCs that lack granules in their cytoplasm.

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56
Q

Lymphoid tissue

A

part of the lymphatic system

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57
Q

lymphocytes

A

an agranulocytic WBC, B cells and T cells. 25%

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58
Q

B Cells

A

a type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies

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59
Q

T Cells

A

a type of lymphocyte that includes helper T Cells, these cells directly attack pathogens.

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60
Q

Monocytes

A

a type of agranulocyte WBC, us shaped nucleus, become marcophages when they migrate into tissue. 3-8%

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61
Q

Macrophages

A

monocytes become macrophages when they go into tissues

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62
Q

Phagocytes

A

to engulf a particle

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63
Q

platelets

A

cell fragments involved in blood clotting

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64
Q

thromobocytes

A

platelets

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65
Q

hemostatis

A

the stopping of bleeding

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66
Q

megakaryocyte

A

a large cell in bone marrow that fragments into platelets

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67
Q

pH scale

A

measure [H+]

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68
Q

pH of plasma

A

7.35-7.45

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69
Q

pathogen

A

anything that causes disease

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70
Q

pathologic conditions

A

caused by or involving disease

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71
Q

heparinized blood samples

A

blood that is in a tube with heparin

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72
Q

leukocytosis

A

increased white blood cells

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73
Q

leucopenia

A

decreased white blood cells

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74
Q

leukemia

A

cancer of white blood cells

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75
Q

lymphocytic leukemia

A

leukemia involving lymphocytes

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76
Q

chronic

A

over long periods of time

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77
Q

acute

A

sudden, severe

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78
Q

polycythemia

A

increase in RBC volume

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79
Q

anemia

A

decrease in RBCs and/or hemoglobin

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80
Q

macrocytic hypochromic anemia

A

large RBC with little hemoglobin

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81
Q

microcytic hypochromic anemia

A

small RBC with little hemoglobin

82
Q

differenial WBC

A

a lab test that determines the % of WBC

83
Q

centrifuge

A

an instrument that separates solutes in solutions by density

84
Q

capillary tubes

A

rely on adhesion to draw fluid into interior of tube

85
Q

adhesion

A

different molecules sticking together

86
Q

cohesion

A

same molecules sticking together

87
Q

microhematocrit tube

A

small capillary tubes

88
Q

Tallquist hemoglobin scale

A

assess patient’s hemoglobin

89
Q

colorimeter

A

an instrument that detects color changed

90
Q

calibrated

A

determines the correctness of a certain device.

91
Q

spectrophotometer

A

an instrument that can read the transmission of absorption of light through a tube.

92
Q

Hemoglobinometer

A

detects hemoglobin

93
Q

bleeding time

A

used to determine how quickly a patient stops bleeding

94
Q

blood clotting or coagulation time

A

assesses clotting factors

95
Q

clotting factors

A

including fibrinogen & calcium

96
Q

procoagulants

A

a precursor to a blood factor

97
Q

tissue factor

A

initiates clotting

98
Q

PF3

A

platelet factor 3, a blood coagulation factor

99
Q

calcium ions

A

another coagulation factor

100
Q

prothrombin activator

A

acivates prothrombin

101
Q

prothrombin

A

gets converted to thrombin

102
Q

thrombin

A

involved in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

103
Q

fibrinogen

A

gets converted to fibrin, plasma protein, involved in clotting, 4%

104
Q

fibrin

A

an insoluble protein, major component of a blood clot

105
Q

autoclave

A

a pressure chamber that sterilizes equipment

106
Q

glycoproteins

A

anitgens on RBCs

107
Q

Agglutinogens

A

A & B red blood cell Ags. glycoproteins

108
Q

antibodies

A

immunoglobulins, gamma globulins, specific attackers to specific antigens.

109
Q

agglutinins

A

antibodies against A or B agglutinogen

110
Q

Kell, Lewis, M and N

A

other antigens on human RBCs

111
Q

Rh antigen

A

another RBC antigen

112
Q

Sensitized

A

someone that has antibodies to a certain antigen

113
Q

hemolysis

A

a RBC that breaks apart

114
Q

lancets

A

a cutting instrument.

115
Q

EDTA

A

a common anticoagulant

116
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

any problems with the walls of the arteries

117
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

fat build up in the walls of arteries

118
Q

occluded

119
Q

hypertensive

A

high blood pressure

120
Q

Thrombi (pl) thrombus (s)

A

a blood clot

121
Q

emboli (pl), embolus (s)

A

traveling blood clot

122
Q

smooth muscle plaques

A

plaque in the walls of blood vessels

123
Q

cholesterol

A

an essential fat

124
Q

High density lipoprotein HDL

A

good cholesterol

125
Q

Low density lipoprotein LDL

A

bad cholesterol

126
Q

alkaline

127
Q

buffer

A

resists changes in pH

128
Q

pH scale increments

A

increments of 10, each increment is 10 times the next increment.

129
Q

1 liter = ml

130
Q

1ml = microliters

A

1000 microliters

131
Q

solutions

A

a mixture (no chemical reactions, no bonds broken or maed)

132
Q

solvent

A

universal solvent is water

133
Q

solute

A

the substance dissolved in the solution

134
Q

pluripotent

A

a cell that can differentiate into any cell of that body

135
Q

totipotent

A

a cell that can develop into a whole organism, ex. zygote: a fertilized egg

136
Q

blasts

A

partially differentiated

137
Q

lymphoid

A

of the lymphocytes

138
Q

myeliod

A

of the monocytes, granulocytes, mast cells & RBCs

139
Q

commited cells

A

programmed cells

140
Q

prokaryotes

A

bacteria cells that lack a nuclear membrane around their DNA

141
Q

eukaryotes

A

cells that have a nuclear membrane (nucleus) around their DNA.

142
Q

organelles

A

structures inside cells

143
Q

lysosome

A

contain digestive hydrolytic enzymes (breaking things down)

144
Q

cytoskeleton

A

internal framework of a cell

145
Q

nucleus

A

contains the DNA

146
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

the nucleus has many lobes

147
Q

mitochondria

A

where aerobic cellular respiration occurs

148
Q

ribosomes

A

where proteins are made

149
Q

biomolecules

A

molecules of life

150
Q

organic

A

contains carbon AND hydrogen

151
Q

carbohydrates

A

sugars( most end is -ose) (glyco-)

152
Q

lipids

A

fats - triglyceride, cholesterol

153
Q

nucleic acids

154
Q

Proteins

A

made of amino acids

155
Q

cofactor

A

required for enzyme activity (metal ions, calcium,mag)

156
Q

coenzymes

A

if the cofactor is organic, most are vitamins.

157
Q

Vitamins

A

fat soluble: K,A,D,E; water soluble C and all B

158
Q

B vitamins

A 
b1 (thiamine)
b2(riboflavin)
b3 (niacin)
B5 (pantothenic acid)
B6
B7 (biotin)
B12
Folic Acid
159
Q

salts

A

ionic compounds

160
Q

nitrogenous substances

A

contain nitrogen

161
Q

urea

A

nonprotein nitogenous substance, CH4N2O (amino acids-ammonia-urea)

162
Q

uric acid

A

nonprotein nitrogenous substance, a product of nucleic acid metabolism, can form crystals in joints (gout)

163
Q

ammonium salts

A

nonprotein nitrogenous substance, result of NH3 & various acids

164
Q

creatinine

A

a waste product that forms when creatine breaks down, nonprotein nitrogenous substance

165
Q

electrolytes

A

carry an electrical charge

166
Q

cations

A

positive ions, Na, K, Ca, Mg

167
Q

anions

A

negative ions, Cl

168
Q

ATP adenosine triphosphate

A

usable energy in the cell

169
Q

ADP

A

adenosine diphosphate

170
Q

vasodilation

A

increase in tube widith

171
Q

vasoconstriction

A

decrease in tube width

172
Q

synthesis

173
Q

-poiesis

A

make something

174
Q

-penia

A

to decrease

175
Q

-cyte

A

having to do with “cell”

176
Q

-cytosis

A

an increase

177
Q

Hema-

178
Q

-lysis

A

to breakdown, to break apart

179
Q

hemolysis-hemolytic

A

RBC breaking apart

180
Q

hydrolysis

A

breaking down a large molecule to small molecules involving adding water.

181
Q

hematopoiesis (hemopoiesis)

A

the production of blood cells

182
Q

hematocytoblasts

A

a partially differentiated stem cell that will become a blood cell

183
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

a hormone produced by Kidneys, targets red bone marrow

184
Q

erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

185
Q

hemoglobin

A

a quaternary structure protein

186
Q

oxyhemoglobin

A

hemoglobin with oxygen attached

187
Q

deoxyhemoglobin

A

hemoglobin without oxygen attached.

188
Q

globin

A

the protein part of hemoglobin

189
Q

heme

A

a porphyrin (red)

190
Q

Iron Fe

A

is attached to heme

191
Q

carbaminohemoglobin

A

20% of CO2 is transported this way

192
Q

anucleate

A

without a nucleus

193
Q

spectrin

A

a cytoskeleton protein, 1st isolated in RBCs

194
Q

reticulocytes

A

immature RBC, remnants of nucleus visible, newborns have higher % of retics

195
Q

buffy coat

A

the faction of blood that contains WBC after the blood was centrifuged.

196
Q

Globulin

A

36%, plasma protein, alpha and beta - transport proteins, bind to lipids, metal ions and fat soluble vitamines; gamma- antibodies, immunoglobulins IgG (RBC agglutinins), produced by B cell lymphocytes.

197
Q

Albumn

A

60% of plasma proteins, smallest but msot abundant

198
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water across cell membranes

199
Q

antigens

A

markers, identifiers (canalso be on viruses)

200
Q

glycolipids

A

involved in cell recognition.

A&P II (7 decks)

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