Blood unit vocab deck 1 Flashcards
1
Q
color of blood
A
arterial blood is bright red; venous blood- dark red
2
Q
connective tissue
A
blood is a type of connective tissue
3
Q
matrix
A
extracellular substance in connective tissue
4
Q
fibers-fibrin threads
A
produced by fibroblasts
5
Q
plasma
A
liquid part of blood, contains clotting factors
6
Q
serum (s), sera (pl)
A
liquid part of blood without clotting factors
7
Q
formed elements
A
white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets
8
Q
red bone marrow
A
where blood cells are made
9
Q
yellow bone marrow
A
marrow that is fat
10
Q
hematopoiesis
A
the forming of blood cells, takes place in red bone marrow
11
Q
differentiation/differentiated cells
A
cells becoming specialized/ specialized cells
12
Q
stem cells
A
unprogrammed, undifferentiated cells
13
Q
hemocytoblasts
A
partially programmed cells in red bone marrow
14
Q
erythrocytes
A
red blood cells
15
Q
biconcave
A
describes the shape of a mature RBC
16
Q
anucleate
A
lacking a nucleus, mature RBCs are anucleate
17
Q
hemoglobin
A
found in RBCs, carries oxygen
18
Q
adenosine triphospahte
A
ATP, usable energy source
19
Q
cellular respiration
A
process that takes food and converts it into ATP
20
Q
anaerobic
A
cellular respiration without oxygen
21
Q
aerobic
A
cellular respiration with oxygen
22
Q
oxygen
A
needed for aerobic cell respiration
23
Q
carbon dioxide
A
a waste of cellular respiration
24
Q
leukocytes
A
white blood cells
25
wright's stain
used to stain blood smears for WBC differentials
26
diapedesis
the passage of certain WBCs through capillary walls
27
B cells
a type of lymphoctye that produces antibodies
28
Functions of Blood; distribution
blood transports oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract, metabolic wastes from cells to the lungs and kidneys for elimination and hormones from endocrine glands to target organs.
29
blood is the body's only_____
tissue fluid.
30
Blood is composed of
liquid plasma &; formed elements
31
Formed elements include
erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.
32
hematocrit (or packed cell volume PCV)
a blood test that measures the % of the volume of whole blood that is made of RBC ; the percentage of red blood cells out of the total blood volume, depends on the number and size of the RBC; males 40.7 -50.3%; females 36.1 - 44.3 % females.
33
ameoba
a unicellular organism
34
amoeboid motion
moving like an amoeba
35
Non specific defenses: 1st line
physical barriers like skin
36
nonspecific defenses: 2nd line
phagocytic WBCs
37
special defenses
the immune system
38
granulocytes
WBCs that have granules in their cytoplasm
39
Lobed nuclei
a nucleus that is divided into connecting lobules
40
cytoplasm
gel like (mainly water) inside cells
41
nucleoplasm
the gel-like cytoplasm inside the nucleus
42
neutrophils
granulocytic WBC, most predominant, multiobed, polymorphonuclear, increases in bacterial infections, 50-70%
43
Eosinophils
granulocytic WBC, two-lobed nucleus, increased in parasitic infections and allergies. 2-4%
44
Bilobed nucleus
a cell with 2 lobes that are connected
45
cytoplasmic granules
structures in the cytoplasm with a variety of functions
46
lysosome
one type of cytoplasmic granule, involved in breaking things down
47
Eosinophila
increase in eosinophils
48
basophils
another granulocytic WBC, release histamine, 0.5-1%
49
vasodilator
dilates blood vessels
50
histamine
an example of a vasodilator
51
antigens
markers, identifiers, found on the cell membrane of cells
52
coagulant
to clot
53
anticoagulant
to work in opposition to clotting
54
Heparin
an example of an anticoagulant
55
Agranulocytes
WMCs that lack granules in their cytoplasm.
56
Lymphoid tissue
part of the lymphatic system
57
lymphocytes
an agranulocytic WBC, B cells and T cells. 25%
58
B Cells
a type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies
59
T Cells
a type of lymphocyte that includes helper T Cells, these cells directly attack pathogens.
60
Monocytes
a type of agranulocyte WBC, us shaped nucleus, become marcophages when they migrate into tissue. 3-8%
61
Macrophages
monocytes become macrophages when they go into tissues
62
Phagocytes
to engulf a particle
63
platelets
cell fragments involved in blood clotting
64
thromobocytes
platelets
65
hemostatis
the stopping of bleeding
66
megakaryocyte
a large cell in bone marrow that fragments into platelets
67
pH scale
measure [H+]
68
pH of plasma
7.35-7.45
69
pathogen
anything that causes disease
70
pathologic conditions
caused by or involving disease
71
heparinized blood samples
blood that is in a tube with heparin
72
leukocytosis
increased white blood cells
73
leucopenia
decreased white blood cells
74
leukemia
cancer of white blood cells
75
lymphocytic leukemia
leukemia involving lymphocytes
76
chronic
over long periods of time
77
acute
sudden, severe
78
polycythemia
increase in RBC volume
79
anemia
decrease in RBCs and/or hemoglobin
80
macrocytic hypochromic anemia
large RBC with little hemoglobin
81
microcytic hypochromic anemia
small RBC with little hemoglobin
82
differenial WBC
a lab test that determines the % of WBC
83
centrifuge
an instrument that separates solutes in solutions by density
84
capillary tubes
rely on adhesion to draw fluid into interior of tube
85
adhesion
different molecules sticking together
86
cohesion
same molecules sticking together
87
microhematocrit tube
small capillary tubes
88
Tallquist hemoglobin scale
assess patient's hemoglobin
89
colorimeter
an instrument that detects color changed
90
calibrated
determines the correctness of a certain device.
91
spectrophotometer
an instrument that can read the transmission of absorption of light through a tube.
92
Hemoglobinometer
detects hemoglobin
93
bleeding time
used to determine how quickly a patient stops bleeding
94
blood clotting or coagulation time
assesses clotting factors
95
clotting factors
including fibrinogen & calcium
96
procoagulants
a precursor to a blood factor
97
tissue factor
initiates clotting
98
PF3
platelet factor 3, a blood coagulation factor
99
calcium ions
another coagulation factor
100
prothrombin activator
acivates prothrombin
101
prothrombin
gets converted to thrombin
102
thrombin
involved in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
103
fibrinogen
gets converted to fibrin, plasma protein, involved in clotting, 4%
104
fibrin
an insoluble protein, major component of a blood clot
105
autoclave
a pressure chamber that sterilizes equipment
106
glycoproteins
anitgens on RBCs
107
Agglutinogens
A & B red blood cell Ags. glycoproteins
108
antibodies
immunoglobulins, gamma globulins, specific attackers to specific antigens.
109
agglutinins
antibodies against A or B agglutinogen
110
Kell, Lewis, M and N
other antigens on human RBCs
111
Rh antigen
another RBC antigen
112
Sensitized
someone that has antibodies to a certain antigen
113
hemolysis
a RBC that breaks apart
114
lancets
a cutting instrument.
115
EDTA
a common anticoagulant
116
Arteriosclerosis
any problems with the walls of the arteries
117
Atherosclerosis
fat build up in the walls of arteries
118
occluded
blockage
119
hypertensive
high blood pressure
120
Thrombi (pl) thrombus (s)
a blood clot
121
emboli (pl), embolus (s)
traveling blood clot
122
smooth muscle plaques
plaque in the walls of blood vessels
123
cholesterol
an essential fat
124
High density lipoprotein HDL
good cholesterol
125
Low density lipoprotein LDL
bad cholesterol
126
alkaline
base
127
buffer
resists changes in pH
128
pH scale increments
increments of 10, each increment is 10 times the next increment.
129
1 liter = ml
1000 ml
130
1ml = microliters
1000 microliters
131
solutions
a mixture (no chemical reactions, no bonds broken or maed)
132
solvent
universal solvent is water
133
solute
the substance dissolved in the solution
134
pluripotent
a cell that can differentiate into any cell of that body
135
totipotent
a cell that can develop into a whole organism, ex. zygote: a fertilized egg
136
blasts
partially differentiated
137
lymphoid
of the lymphocytes
138
myeliod
of the monocytes, granulocytes, mast cells & RBCs
139
commited cells
programmed cells
140
prokaryotes
bacteria cells that lack a nuclear membrane around their DNA
141
eukaryotes
cells that have a nuclear membrane (nucleus) around their DNA.
142
organelles
structures inside cells
143
lysosome
contain digestive hydrolytic enzymes (breaking things down)
144
cytoskeleton
internal framework of a cell
145
nucleus
contains the DNA
146
polymorphonuclear
the nucleus has many lobes
147
mitochondria
where aerobic cellular respiration occurs
148
ribosomes
where proteins are made
149
biomolecules
molecules of life
150
organic
contains carbon AND hydrogen
151
carbohydrates
sugars( most end is -ose) (glyco-)
152
lipids
fats - triglyceride, cholesterol
153
nucleic acids
DNA, RNA
154
Proteins
made of amino acids
155
cofactor
required for enzyme activity (metal ions, calcium,mag)
156
coenzymes
if the cofactor is organic, most are vitamins.
157
Vitamins
fat soluble: K,A,D,E; water soluble C and all B
158
B vitamins
```
b1 (thiamine)
b2(riboflavin)
b3 (niacin)
B5 (pantothenic acid)
B6
B7 (biotin)
B12
Folic Acid
```
159
salts
ionic compounds
160
nitrogenous substances
contain nitrogen
161
urea
nonprotein nitogenous substance, CH4N2O (amino acids-ammonia-urea)
162
uric acid
nonprotein nitrogenous substance, a product of nucleic acid metabolism, can form crystals in joints (gout)
163
ammonium salts
nonprotein nitrogenous substance, result of NH3 & various acids
164
creatinine
a waste product that forms when creatine breaks down, nonprotein nitrogenous substance
165
electrolytes
carry an electrical charge
166
cations
positive ions, Na, K, Ca, Mg
167
anions
negative ions, Cl
168
ATP adenosine triphosphate
usable energy in the cell
169
ADP
adenosine diphosphate
170
vasodilation
increase in tube widith
171
vasoconstriction
decrease in tube width
172
synthesis
to build
173
-poiesis
make something
174
-penia
to decrease
175
-cyte
having to do with "cell"
176
-cytosis
an increase
177
Hema-
blood
178
-lysis
to breakdown, to break apart
179
hemolysis-hemolytic
RBC breaking apart
180
hydrolysis
breaking down a large molecule to small molecules involving adding water.
181
hematopoiesis (hemopoiesis)
the production of blood cells
182
hematocytoblasts
a partially differentiated stem cell that will become a blood cell
183
erythropoietin (EPO)
a hormone produced by Kidneys, targets red bone marrow
184
erythrocytes
Red blood cells
185
hemoglobin
a quaternary structure protein
186
oxyhemoglobin
hemoglobin with oxygen attached
187
deoxyhemoglobin
hemoglobin without oxygen attached.
188
globin
the protein part of hemoglobin
189
heme
a porphyrin (red)
190
Iron Fe
is attached to heme
191
carbaminohemoglobin
20% of CO2 is transported this way
192
anucleate
without a nucleus
193
spectrin
a cytoskeleton protein, 1st isolated in RBCs
194
reticulocytes
immature RBC, remnants of nucleus visible, newborns have higher % of retics
195
buffy coat
the faction of blood that contains WBC after the blood was centrifuged.
196
Globulin
36%, plasma protein, alpha and beta - transport proteins, bind to lipids, metal ions and fat soluble vitamines; gamma- antibodies, immunoglobulins IgG (RBC agglutinins), produced by B cell lymphocytes.
197
Albumn
60% of plasma proteins, smallest but msot abundant
198
osmosis
diffusion of water across cell membranes
199
antigens
markers, identifiers (canalso be on viruses)
200
glycolipids
involved in cell recognition.
