Blood transfusions

Question 1

What must you have done before a blood transfusion can take place with a patient?

Answer 1

You need:
* Valid group & screen
* Prescription
* Informed Consent
* Patent vascular access
* Equipment
* Baseline Obs
* Documentation
* Two certified stafYou need

Question 2

Why is a blood sample required before a transfusion?

Answer 2

To check:

*GROUP: ABO and RhD
*SCREEN: For red cell
antibodies

A valid group and screen enables the release of crossmatched red cells. No group and screen means only O neg blood!

Question 3

What equipment is required for a blood transfusion?

Answer 3

Dedicated Blood Infusion Set
*includes 170 – 260 micron filter
*CRITICAL: ensure the set is not vented
New (un-used) set at start, down at end.
Maximum dwell time: 12 hourly
* Average: 2-4 units
* & Rapid: 8-10 units
Administer platelets via a fresh set

Remember: Prime with normal saline:
* to keep vein open
* preserve cannula integrity

Question 4

How do you monitor the patient during a blood transfusion?

Answer 4

Monitor vital signs before the transfusion, 15 minutes after starting, then:
Q 30 min TPR
Q 1 hour BP
TPR/BP at completion

Question 5

What is the maximum time allowed for blood transfusion to occur after blood has been issued?

Answer 5

Transfusion should begin within 30 minutes of blood product being issued and completed within 4 hours.

Question 6

What are some common signs of a transfusion reaction to monitor for?

Answer 6

Fever, chills, rash, itching, shortness of breath, or back pain.