Blood supply of the faciomaxillary region Flashcards
what does the external carotid artery supply ?
- head, scalp, face, neck, tongue, maxilla
beginning + termination of external carotid artery:
- starts at thyroid cartilage
- terminates at parotid gland + neck of mandible
what does the external carotid artery divide into ?
- superficial temporal artery
- maxillary artery
relationship in neck to internal and external carotid artery:
- Medially: The wall of the pharynx and the internal carotid artery.
- The stylopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus muscles, the glossopharyngeal nerve, and the pharyngeal branch of the vagus pass between the external and internal carotid arteries
relationship face - carotid artery
Anterolaterally: The artery is overlapped at its beginning by the anterior border of the sternomastoid.
Above this level, the artery is comparatively superficial, covered by skin and fascia.
It is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the stylohyoid muscles.
Within the parotid gland, it is crossed by the facial nerve.
The internal jugular vein first lies lateral to the artery and then posterior to it
branches of the external carotid artery: (slide 9) + (slide 10!!!)
Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery (slide 11)
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery
branches of the facial artery: (neck)
(in the neck), ascending palatine, tonsillar, submental, and glandular.
course of facial artery from start to finish:
slide 12 + 13
branches of facial artery (face):
Superior and inferior labial artery – supply the upper and lower lips.
Lateral nasal artery – supplies the external nose.
Angular artery – supplies the external nose, lower eyelid, orbicularis oculi and lacrimal sac.
what do the branches of the maxillary artery supply ?
supply the upper and the lower jaws, the muscles of mastication, the nose, the palate, and the meninges inside the skull (Middle Meningeal Artery
the branches of maxillary, before, on and beyond the lateral pterygoid muscle:
slide 17
course of lingual artery:
slide 18
course of the superficial temporal artery:
slide 19
venous drainage, facial vein course:
descends down the face with the facial artery and passes around the lateral
side of the mouth. It then crosses the mandible, is joined by the anterior division of the retromandibular vein, and drains into the jugular vein
(slide 20 + 21)
course of the superficial temporal vein:
slide 22
the 3 facial glands:
- parotid gland
- submandibular gland
- sublingual gland
course of the maxillary vein:
slide 23
course of the retromandibular vein:
slide 24
(the one that’s union of mandibular + superficial temporal)
- it starts by leaving the parotid salivary gland
external jugular vein course:
(slide 25)
- union of the posterior auricular vein with the posterior division of the retromandibular vein
- drains into the subclavian vein behind the middle of the clavicle
course of the internal jugular vein:
It starts as a continuation of the sigmoid sinus and leaves the skull through the jugular foramen. It then descends through the neck in the carotid sheath lateral to the vagus nerve and the internal and common carotid arteries. It ends by joining
the subclavian vein behind the medial end of the clavicle to form the brachiocephalic vein.
It drains the brain (dural venous sinuses), face, thyroid gland, and neck.
tributaries of the internal jugular vein:
Inferior petrosal sinus
Facial vein
Pharyngeal veins
Lingual vein
Superior thyroid vein
Middle thyroid vein
superficial lymph nodes:
slide 28
the deep nodes
- Jugulodigastric node, which is located below and behind the angle of the jaw, is mainly concerned with drainage of the tonsil and the tongue.
- The juguloomohyoid node, which is
situated close to the omohyoid muscle, is mainly associated with drainage of the tongue. - The efferent lymph vessels from
the deep cervical lymph nodes join to form the jugular trunk, which drains into the thoracic duct
