Blood supply of the faciomaxillary region

Question 1

what does the external carotid artery supply ?

Answer 1

• head, scalp, face, neck, tongue, maxilla

Question 2

beginning + termination of external carotid artery:

Answer 2

• starts at thyroid cartilage
• terminates at parotid gland + neck of mandible

Question 3

what does the external carotid artery divide into ?

Answer 3

• superficial temporal artery
• maxillary artery

Question 4

relationship in neck to internal and external carotid artery:

Answer 4

• Medially: The wall of the pharynx and the internal carotid artery.
• The stylopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus muscles, the glossopharyngeal nerve, and the pharyngeal branch of the vagus pass between the external and internal carotid arteries

Question 5

relationship face - carotid artery

Answer 5

Anterolaterally: The artery is overlapped at its beginning by the anterior border of the sternomastoid.
Above this level, the artery is comparatively superficial, covered by skin and fascia.
It is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the stylohyoid muscles.
Within the parotid gland, it is crossed by the facial nerve.
The internal jugular vein first lies lateral to the artery and then posterior to it

Question 6

branches of the external carotid artery: (slide 9) + (slide 10!!!)

Answer 6

Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery (slide 11)
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery

Question 7

branches of the facial artery: (neck)

Answer 7

(in the neck), ascending palatine, tonsillar, submental, and glandular.

Question 8

course of facial artery from start to finish:

Answer 8

slide 12 + 13

Question 9

branches of facial artery (face):

Answer 9

Superior and inferior labial artery – supply the upper and lower lips.
Lateral nasal artery – supplies the external nose.
Angular artery – supplies the external nose, lower eyelid, orbicularis oculi and lacrimal sac.

Question 10

what do the branches of the maxillary artery supply ?

Answer 10

supply the upper and the lower jaws, the muscles of mastication, the nose, the palate, and the meninges inside the skull (Middle Meningeal Artery

Question 11

the branches of maxillary, before, on and beyond the lateral pterygoid muscle:

Answer 11

slide 17

Question 12

course of lingual artery:

Answer 12

slide 18

Question 13

course of the superficial temporal artery:

Answer 13

slide 19

Question 14

venous drainage, facial vein course:

Answer 14

descends down the face with the facial artery and passes around the lateral
side of the mouth. It then crosses the mandible, is joined by the anterior division of the retromandibular vein, and drains into the jugular vein
(slide 20 + 21)

Question 15

course of the superficial temporal vein:

Answer 15

slide 22

Question 16

the 3 facial glands:

Answer 16

• parotid gland
• submandibular gland
• sublingual gland

Question 17

course of the maxillary vein:

Answer 17

slide 23

Question 18

course of the retromandibular vein:

Answer 18

slide 24
(the one that’s union of mandibular + superficial temporal)
- it starts by leaving the parotid salivary gland

Question 19

external jugular vein course:

Answer 19

(slide 25)
- union of the posterior auricular vein with the posterior division of the retromandibular vein
- drains into the subclavian vein behind the middle of the clavicle

Question 20

course of the internal jugular vein:

Answer 20

It starts as a continuation of the sigmoid sinus and leaves the skull through the jugular foramen. It then descends through the neck in the carotid sheath lateral to the vagus nerve and the internal and common carotid arteries. It ends by joining
the subclavian vein behind the medial end of the clavicle to form the brachiocephalic vein.
It drains the brain (dural venous sinuses), face, thyroid gland, and neck.

Question 21

tributaries of the internal jugular vein:

Answer 21

Inferior petrosal sinus
Facial vein
Pharyngeal veins
Lingual vein
Superior thyroid vein
Middle thyroid vein

Question 22

superficial lymph nodes:

Answer 22

slide 28

Question 23

the deep nodes

Answer 23

• Jugulodigastric node, which is located below and behind the angle of the jaw, is mainly concerned with drainage of the tonsil and the tongue.
• The juguloomohyoid node, which is
  situated close to the omohyoid muscle, is mainly associated with drainage of the tongue.
• The efferent lymph vessels from
  the deep cervical lymph nodes join to form the jugular trunk, which drains into the thoracic duct