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Anatomy > Anatomy of the spinal cord: > Flashcards

Anatomy of the spinal cord: Flashcards

1
Q

the spinal cord starts and ends:

A
  • starts: at foramen of magnum
  • ends: at L1-L2 vertebrae (conus medularis)
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2
Q

the spinal canal surrounds:

A

the spinal cord to protect it

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3
Q

what do we find anteriorly to the vertebral body ? (as in arteries)

A

thoracic aorta with the posterior intercostal arteries

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4
Q
  • the info from posterior horn:
  • the info from the anterior horn:
A
  • comes into
  • comes out
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5
Q
  • the 2 anterior sulcus = (which cords)
  • the 2 posterior sulcus =
A
  • delimit the motor cords
  • the posterior sensory cords
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6
Q

the posterior and anterior cord arise from:

A

the vertebral artery = branch of the subclavian artery

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7
Q

the spinal arteries arise from:

A

the ascending cervical artery

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8
Q

on the thoracic level (T1): (what gives rise to what):

A

the thoracic aorta gives rise to the anterior and posterior spinal cord arteries

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9
Q

the lower spinal cord arteries = branches of:

A

the lumbar artery

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10
Q

the lumbar artery = branch of:

A

the abdominal aorta

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11
Q

the sacral artery = branch of:

A

the internal iliac artery

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12
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves does the human have?

A

31

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13
Q

Artery of Adam Kewitz (supply?)

A

supplies the 2/3rds of the spinal cord
- if occlusion = can cause paraplegia (at the lumbar level)

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14
Q

Where do the meninges accompany the lateral roots to?

A

to the foramen into the spinal nerve sheath

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15
Q

in medullaris (under L2) (what do we find?) = within subarachnoid also

A

it’s the site where CSF can be accessed

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16
Q

what do we find between the pia matter and the arachnoid space ?

A

the subarachnoid space

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17
Q

the CSF flows through:

A

the central canal at the middle of the spinal cord and provides the brain and the spinal cord with nutrients

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18
Q

The CSF is produced in:

A

the brain’s ventricles
choronoid plexus

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19
Q

the cauda equina is within:

A

the subarachnoid space

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20
Q

above the dura we find (between dura and spinal canal):

A

the epidural space

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21
Q

the pia matter ends anteriorly and continues as:

A

the filum terminale (inferiorly)

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22
Q

between dura matter and arachnoid matter we find:

A

subdural space

23
Q

in the intermediate furrow of the cervical cord we find:

A
  • anteriorly: the bundle of GOLL
  • a bit posteriorly: the bundle of BURDACH
24
Q

the 3 horns and their functions:

A
  • anterior = motor
  • posterior = sensitive
  • lateral = visceromotor anteriorly and viscerosensitive posteriorly
25
Q

the spinal canal (vertebral column), (anatomy of each side):

A
  • anteriorly: vertebral bodies (foramina) + reinforced at the walls through the intervertebral discs
  • anteriorly + posteriorly = longitudinal ligaments
  • posteriorly = laminae + yellow ligaments
  • laterally = spinal nerves emerge (surrounded by articular processes + pedicles)
  • from spinal cord + through intervertebral foramina = enter peripheral nervous system
26
Q

the spinal nerves (where they’re formed from + where sensory and motor roots are located):

A
  • formed by merging of 2 roots: sensory and motor
  • sensory = from back of spinal cord
  • motor = from front of spinal cord
27
Q

function of CSF for brain:

A

acts as a hydraulic buffer, stabilising it with the vertebral canal

28
Q

where is the brainstem located (junction):

A

at bulbomedullary junctions

28
Q

the reflexes of spinal cord:

A
  • most functions of the spinal cord = from brain, but some reflexes = in spinal cord independently = they’re either monosynaptic or polysynaptic
  • the spinal cord neural pathway = within the white matter
29
Q

enlargements in spinal cord (les trucs de vertebres)

A

. Cervical: origin of brachial plexus
. Lumbar: origin of lumbosacral plexus

30
Q

the spinal curvatures (voir pic 2 google doc):

A

double S open with 3
curvatures (spinal curvatures)
. Cervical lordosis (between C1
and C7)
. Dorsal kyphosis (between C7
and T12)
. Lumbar lordosis (between T12
and L2)

31
Q

where can we do lumbar puncture ?

A

between the spinous processes of the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae or 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae.

32
Q

longitudinal grooves of the spinal cord:

A
  • the deep anterior fissure,
  • shallow posterior median sulcus,
  • anterolateral and posterolateral sulci, and root filaments emerging on each side
33
Q

the 3 furrows in anterior side of spinal cord:

A

➢ The anterior median fissure
➢ The right and left anterior
collateral sulcus (birth of the
ventral motor roots)
Delimit two front motor cords.
At the level of the anterior collateral furrows appear the anterior motor roots
(drawing notebook)

34
Q

the 3 furrows in posterior side of spinal cord:

A

-There are 3 furrows on the
posterior surface of the SC:
-The posterior median
sulcus.
And then on both sides:
* The right and left
posterior collateral
sulcus.
-The two sulcus delimit the
posterior sensory cord.
-At the level of the
posterior collateral
furrows the posterior
sensory roots end with
the dorsal root ganglio

35
Q

On either side of the ependyma
canal are:

A
  • the anterior grey commissure
  • the posterior grey commissure.
36
Q

motor descending tract (what are his tracts/pathways):

A
  • pyramidal beam (crossed and direct)
  • lateral corticospinal tract
  • ventral corticospinal
37
Q

sensory ascending tracts:

A
  • lateral spinothalamic tract (pain, temperature)
  • ventral spinothalamic (light touch)
  • lemniscal tract
  • dorsal columns (deep touch, propioception, vibration)
38
Q

spinal cord = (within)

A

vertebral canal

39
Q

vertebral column: anatomical relationships:

A
  • Formed by the vertebral foramina of the vertebral bodies
    ➢ anteriorly by : the vertebral bodies (reinforced at the walls through the intervertebral disks and the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments)
    ➢ posteriorly by the laminae (vertebral arches) and yellow ligaments
    ➢ Laterally by articular processes and pedicles
  • Laterally, the spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord and pass through the intervertebral foramina, where they enter the peripheral nervous system.
40
Q

diameter of spinal cord contains:

A

➢Spinal cord
➢Meninges
➢blood vessels
➢Spinal nerve roots and
surrounding fatty and connective tissues

41
Q

The 3 meninges and in between: (look notebook for drawing):

A
  • the pia mater
  • The arachnoid mater
  • The dura mater.
  • These meninges delimit
    spaces:
    ➢ Peri-dural space: between dura
    mater and spinal canal, it is filled
    with fat and venous plexus.
    ➢ Subdural space between
    arachnoid and dura matter
    ➢ Subarachnoid space : between
    the arachnoid and pia mater
    filled by CSF
42
Q

fixations of the spinal cord:

A
  • The brainstem at the bulbomedullary
    junction
  • The denticulate ligaments, extensions of the pia mater, anchor the spinal cord
    laterally to the dura mater, helping to
    maintain its position.
  • The filum terminale, a fibrous extension of the pia mater, extends from the conus medullaris and attaches to the coccyx, providing longitudinal stability.
  • the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that fills the subarachnoid space cushions the spinal cord and acts as a hydraulic buffer, further stabilising it within the vertebral canal.
43
Q

the meninges (what do they become?), (same ending as the muscles in abd wall!!)

A

accompany the roots laterally to the
foramen & gradually transform
into the spinal nerve sheath

44
Q

spinal cord = supplied by branches of:

A

the vertebral and segmental arteries

44
Q

the arterial axes: vertical:

A
  • Anterior spinal axis: houses the anterior median furrow.
  • Posterior spinal axis : two in number and house the posterior collateral groove
45
Q

segmental axes:

A

Each medullary segment
receives its segmental
artery
- At the cervical level
(ascending cervical
artery and vertebral
arteries)
- At the dorsal level (5th
intercostal artery)
- At the lumbar level:
we have the ADAM –
KIEWICZ artery

46
Q

anastomoses between 2 arteries + terminal arteries

A

Perimedullary arterial circle: Origin:
- Anastomosis between the radiculomedullary arteries and the anterior and posterior spinal axes
Termination:
- Short superficial arteries:
for white matter.
- Long deep arteries: for grey matter

47
Q

Presence of a perimedullary venous
network which will drain into 3
main satellite veins to the spinal
axes: (photo google doc + slide 32)

A

Spinal veins = The epidural venous plexus = The venous network = peri-spinal veins

48
Q

31 spinal segments giving:

A

➢ 8 pairs of cervical nerves 12 pairs of
thoracic nerves 5 pairs of lumbar
nerves,
➢ 5 pairs of sacral nerves
➢ 1 pair of coccygeal nerves
(Ponytail: lumbosacral nerves

49
Q

spinal nerve posterior and back anterior branches:

A
  • small posterior branch intended
    for the sensory or motor innervation of the back
  • large anterior branch intended for the
    innervation of the trunk and limbs
50
Q

Spinal cord neural pathway found in:

A

within spinal cord’s white matter

51
Q
  • Ascending tracts convey information from:
  • Descending tracts convey information from:
A
  • periphery to the brain
  • brain to the periphery

Anatomy (10 decks)

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