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Neuromuscular PT 1 > Blood supply > Flashcards

Blood supply Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of strokes

A
  • Transient ischemic attack TIA
  • Infarction
  • hemmorrhage
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2
Q

What are the two systems that supply blood to the brain?

Also what does each system supply

A
  • Anterior: carotid system; supples the cerebrum
  • Posterior: vertebral-basilar system; supplies spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum
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3
Q

What arteries are involved in the posterior circulation?

A
  • Vertebral artery
  • basilar artery
  • anterior spinal artery
  • posterior spinal artery
  • posterior-inferior cerebellar artery
  • anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  • superior cerebral artery
  • posterior cerebral artery
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4
Q

Vertebral-basilar system

describe vertebral arteries

A
  • subclavian arteries each form one vertebral artery
  • vertebral artery supplies the medulla
  • vertebral arteries travel on either side of the cervical spinal cord, enter skull and join to form basilar artery
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5
Q

What does the vertebral artery supply and how can they be damaged?

A
  • brainstem laterally/more anterior (vertebral-basilar system)
  • abrupt neck rotation or hyperextension
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6
Q

Prior to vetebral arteries joint to form the basilar artery what are the branches that come off?

A
  • anterior spinal artery
  • posterior spinal artery
  • posterior inferior cerebrallar artery
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7
Q

What does the anterior spinal artery supply?

also what happens with an infarct

A
  • anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
  • medial medulla
  • medial medullary syndrome with infarct
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8
Q

What does the posterior spinal artery supply?

what happens with an infarct?

A
  • Posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
  • dorsal Medulla lower medulla
  • dorsal lateral medulla syndrome
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9
Q

What does the Posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?

A
  • Posterior inferior cerebellum
  • Medulla (dorsolateral)
  • Lateral medulla/cerebellar and vestibular issues (wallenberg syndrome)
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10
Q

Basilar artery

A
  • formed by the two vertebral arteries
  • Runs from pontomedullary junction to midbrain
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11
Q

what would occur with a blockage of ASA in the medulla?

A
  • medial medullary syndrome
  • contralateral weakness
  • DCML is damaged slightly
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12
Q

What would occur with an infarct to PICA or vertebral arteries in medulla

A
  • lateral medullary syndrome = wallenberg’s syndrome
  • ipsilaterally ataxia, vertigo and sensory changes
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13
Q

Branches of the basilar artery

A
  • anterior inferior cerebrellar artery (AICA)
  • superior cerebellar artery
  • at end branches to form posterior cerebral arteries (primary source to midbrain)
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14
Q

What does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?

A
  • lateral pons
  • anterior, inferior cerebellum
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15
Q

What does the superior cerebellar artery supply?

A
  • superior cerebellar peduncles
  • superior cerebellum
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16
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply

A

-primary source for the midbrain

17
Q

How does the basilar artery supply the pons

A
  • paramedian branches
  • long circumferential arteries
  • short circumferential arteries

basilar artery infarct = locked in syndrome

18
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supple

A
  • midbrain
  • thalamus
  • hippocampus important for memory
  • medial, inferior temporal lobe
  • occipital lobe
19
Q

Origin of the carotid system

A
  • aorta
  • left side = common carotid artery
  • right side = brachiocephalic artery branches into common carotid
  • both common carotid arteries branch into internal and exteneral caroitd arteries
20
Q

Internal carotid

A
  • internal carotid enters the brain through temporal bone of the skull
  • branches into anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery
21
Q

Anterior cerebral artery

supplies

A
  • parts of the caudate
  • putamen
  • globus pallidus
  • internal capsule
  • corpus callosum
  • anterior, medial frontal lobe
  • medial parietal lobe

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus = basal ganglia

22
Q

Infarct to the anterior cerebral artery

A

Infarct includes

  • frontal lobe dysfunction
  • contralateral hemiplegia and hemisensory loss,
  • LE>UE-medial sensorimotor cortex affected
  • incontinence
23
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply

A
  • Parts of the caudate and internal capsule
  • most of lateral hemisphere of cortex
  • brocas area is typically on the left
24
Q

Infarct to the middle cerebral artery

A
  • Very common CVA. Many impairments.

Include:

  • Contralateral hemiplegia and hemisensory loss (UE and Face-lateral sensorimotor cortex affected-see next slide),
  • aphasia (if lesion in in language dominant side-usually left),
25
Q

what is the circle of willis

A
  • Connects caroitd and vertebral-basilar systems
  • can provide a shunt if there is temporary loss of ciriculation
  • important for blood supply to thalamus, internal capsule, and basal ganglia
26
Q

What arteries form the circle of willlis

A
  • posterior cerebral arteries
  • posterior communicating arteries
  • internal carotid arteries
  • anterior cerebral arteries
  • anterior communicating arteries
27
Q

Aneurysm of the circle of willis

A
  • Anterior communicating artery walls tend to be weaker
  • over time this weaker part of the vessel can expand espeically with HTN
  • can result in a hemorrhage
28
Q

Anterior chordoidal

A
  • branch of internal carotid

Supplies:

  • choroid plexus (makes CSF
  • parts of visual pathway
  • putamen
  • thalamus
  • internal capsule
  • hippocampus
29
Q

Anastomosis

A
  • . communication between cerebral blood vessels by collateral channels.
  • Lie within sulci
  • Unite branches of the 3 major cerebral arteries end to end (MCA, PCA, ACA)
30
Q

Watershed CVA

A
  • occurs with severe drops in BP
  • maximal BP is required from blood to reach the terminal ends of the arteries where the vessels have the smallest diameter

Neuromuscular PT 1 (32 decks)

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