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Lifestyle and Wellness > Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease > Flashcards

Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Pressure

A
  • Is the force applied against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood through the body
  • Arterial blood pressure is the one most commonly measured and most important to our health
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2
Q

Stages of Hypertension
(High Blood Pressure)

A
  • Stage 1: (mild) 140/90
  • Stage 2: (moderate) 160/100
  • Stage 3: (severe) 180/110
  • Stage 4: (very severe) >210/>120
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3
Q

Systolic/Diastolic BP

A
  • Systolic: The phase during which the heart is pumping blood through the arterial system
  • Diastolic: The phase when the heart is resting between beats and blood is flowing back into it
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4
Q

Factors Influencing BP

A

Alcohol intake
Caffeine
Exercise
Stressful situation
Age
Body position
Time of day
Smoking

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5
Q

Causes of Hypertension

A
  • Hypertension is usually the result of small blood vessels (arterioles) becoming narrower and/or less
    elastic
  • This restricts blood flow and increases the pressure against which the heart has to pump blood into the circulation.
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6
Q

Hypertension Risk Factors

A
  • Family History
  • Obesity
  • Alcohol
  • Sedentary Lifestyle
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7
Q

Dangers of Hypertension

A
  • High blood pressure drastically increases the workload of the heart which leads to an enlarged heart.
  • Over time the increase in heart size becomes excessive, and the efficiency of the heart actually decreases, making it prone to a heart attack.
  • High blood pressure directly damages the arterial walls due to constant pressure, may lead to stroke and CHD.
  • Prolonged hypertension may lead to kidney disease and damage to the retina in the eyes.
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8
Q

Ways of reducing High Blood Pressure

A
  • Medication
  • Fat and salt reduction in diet
  • Alcohol Moderation
  • Exercise
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9
Q

How exercise can reduce hypertension

A
  • Aerobic exercise with large muscle groups (3-5 times per week, 50-85% intensity of max O2 uptake for 20-60 minutes) helps moderate hypertension
  • Individuals with severely elevated resting blood pressure (greater than 180/100) should not undertake exercise without medical supervision
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10
Q

Exercise points for people with High BP

FITT

A

F: 3-7 days per week
I: Able to carry convo during PA
T: Longer warm up (>10 mins)
T: Aerobic ( walking, swimming etc)

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11
Q

Cardiovascular Disease

A

Term used to describe diseases that can affect the cardiovascular system

(diseases of the valves of the heart, the heart muscle & the arteries and of the veins)

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12
Q

Facts about Cardiovascular disease

A
  • CVDs are the leading cause of death globally.
  • An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019, 85% by heart attack and stroke.
  • 3/4 of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries.
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13
Q

CVD Risk factors

A
  • Smoking
  • Unhealthy diet and obesity
  • Physical inactivity
  • Harmful use of alcohol.
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14
Q

Arteriosclerosis:

A

Hardening of the arteries due to conditions that cause the arterial walls to become thick, hard and non-elastic

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15
Q

Atherosclerosis

A
  • Progressive condition
  • Deposits of cholesterol; other lipids and cellular waste products accumulate on the inner walls of the coronary arteries
  • Plaque
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16
Q

Causes of damage to lining of the heart

A
  • High blood cholesterol levels
  • High dietary fat intake
  • High blood pressure
  • Nicotine
  • Reaction to perceived stress
17
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

Death of the heart cells that do not get enough oxygen due to blocked coronary artery/arteries.

18
Q

Angina Pectoris

A
  • Chest/arm pain resulting from reduced Oxygen supply to the heart muscle (ischemia)
  • May be triggered by inappropriate exercise or stress
  • Can be treated by medication.
19
Q

Stroke

A
  • Blood vessel bursts or artery is clogged by blood clot or other matter.
  • The rupture or blockage deprives the brain of blood.
  • This causes nerve cells to die. Brain cells cannot heal.
  • When nerve cells cannot function the part of the body controlled by those cells also shuts down
20
Q

Risk Factors for stroke

A

Modifiable
* Hypertension
* Smoking
* High cholesterol levels
* Diabetes (Type 2)
* Heart disease (atherosclerosis)
* Stress

Non-Modifiable
* Gender
* Age
* Race

21
Q

CHD Risk Factors

A

Modifiable
* High blood pressure
* Cigarette smoking
* Inactivity
* High blood cholesterol levels
* Obesity
* Stress

Non-modifiable
* Age
* Positive family history
* Gender
* Race
* Diabetes (Type 1)

Lifestyle and Wellness (10 decks)

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