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HISTO Block 3 > Blood Okorie > Flashcards

Blood Okorie Flashcards

1
Q

how do lymphocytes and monocytes move

A

freely between blood and ct

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2
Q

where do all of the blood cell types originate?

A

in the CT of bone marrow

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3
Q

what is the chemical composition of plasma similar too?

A

interstitial fluid in ordinary CT

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4
Q

what percent of plasma is protein? lipoprotein?

A

7%-protein

10%-lipoprotein

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5
Q

what are the three main blood proteins found in plasma?

A

albumin
gamma globulins
fibrinogen

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6
Q

what protein in plasma maintains osmotic pressure

A

albumin

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7
Q

what protein in plasma is known as an antibody

A

gamma globulin

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8
Q

what is the clotting agent protein in plasma?

A

fibrinogen

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9
Q

what percent of blood are RBC

A

44%

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10
Q

what percent of blood are WBC

A

1%

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11
Q

what percent of blood are plasma

A

55%

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12
Q

3 different blood smear stains?

A
  • leishman
  • Wrights
  • Giemsa (May-Grunwald-Giemsa)
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13
Q

what are biconcave discs that have no nucleus

A

erythrocytes

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14
Q

what is the size of an erythrocyte?

A

7.2 um (micrometers)

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15
Q

what do erythrocytes stain with eosin?

A

redish

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16
Q

main protein in erythrocyte is ?

A

oxyhemoglobin

O2 + Hemoglobin

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17
Q

life span of RBC

A

120 days

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18
Q

who has more blood count per unit of volume women or men

A

men, women have a period once a month, a lot of blood loss

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19
Q

how do RBC transport CO2

A

carbonic anhydrase

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20
Q

WHAT BLOOD IS THE UNIVERSAL DONOR?

A

O- (has no Rh factor to screw anything up)

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21
Q

which is the blood type that is the universal recipient

A

AB + (has Rh so nothing can screw it up, also has no antibodies to attack anything)

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22
Q

when you have antigens present on RBC and no antibodies you are

A

Rh positive

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23
Q

have no antigens and antibodies will produce if exposure happens

A

Rh negative

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24
Q

what is the definition of the Rh disease called ERYTHROBLASTOSIS

A

the RBC of the fetus are destroyed if they are Rh positive and the mother is Rh negative, her antigen will make antibodies that will attack the baby with RH because she doesn’t have that factor, and this can kill the SECOND baby

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25
Q

the treatment for erythroblastosis is Rhgam, why?

A

becuase it contains the antibodies for rh positive antigen, you inject it 72 hours after birth of Rh positive baby

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26
Q

what is it called when you have low levels of hemoglobin?

A

anemia

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27
Q

when you have an increase in the number of RBC and a decrease in plasma it is called?

A

polycythemia

or erythrocytosis

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28
Q

what holds the cytoskeleton together in RBC

A

spectrin

without it you can have- erythrocyte membrane deformation

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29
Q

anisocytosis

A

abnormal variation in size of a cell

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30
Q

macrocytosis and microcytosis are examples of what

A

anisocytosis

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31
Q

altered cell shape like sickle or crenation is known as

A

poikilocytosis

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32
Q

how many polypeptide bonds does hemogolbulin have

A

4

33
Q

how many heme groups does hemoglobulin have

A

4

34
Q

hemoglobin ( 1 molecule) can carry how much o2

A

4

35
Q

when hemoglbin is not carrying 02 it is called

A

reduced hemoglobin

36
Q

when hemoglobin is carrying 02 it is called

A

oxyhemoglobin

37
Q

what can help to transport C02 from the tissues of the lung

A

hemoglobin

38
Q

when there is a subsitution for hydrophobic caline for hydrophilic glutamic acid it is called

A

sickle cells

39
Q

what kind of mutation is sickle cell

A

single point mutation

40
Q

what kind of hemoglobin leads to sickle cell

A

HBS

41
Q

what are the 3 granulocytes

A
  • neurtrophils
  • eosinophil
  • basophil
42
Q

what are the two agranulocytes

A
  • leukocyte

- monocyte

43
Q

percents of agranulocytes

A 
60-n
3-e
.5-b
5-m
30-l
44
Q

what does hemoglobin do

A

a protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body and returns carbon dioxide back to the lungs

45
Q

what WBC have an irregular segmented nuclei and have granules

A

granulocytes

46
Q

the cells of granulocytes are what

A

fully differentiated

47
Q

when there is an infection site what moves neutrophils to the site of infection

A

chemotaxis

48
Q

what is known as the crawling movement of WBC through a cell?

A

ameoboid movement

49
Q

when the actual WBC flattens and moves through he vascular wall into the interstitial tissue it is called

A

diapedesis

50
Q

wat are the other names for neutrophils

A
  • neutrophilic granulocytes

- PMN or polys

51
Q

size of PMN

A

12 um ( twice the size of a red blood cell)

52
Q

what connects the lobes in the nucleus of the PNM

A

chromatin

53
Q

how many lobes can be found in very old polys

A

7 ( they increase with age)

54
Q

what are the major components of pus

A

dead neutrophils and tissue debris

55
Q

what is known to engulf and destroy antibody-antigen complexes

A

eosinophils

56
Q

heparn and histamine are vasoactive substances so they do what

A

they dilate the blood vessels allow more to leave them ( more permeable) leading to the swelling we see

57
Q

what do mast cells bind to

A

IGE

58
Q

what are the two MAST cells

A

hitamine and heparin

59
Q

what vasodilates the smooth muscle contraction ( bad for anaphlacxis, dilating lungs)

A

histamine

60
Q

heparine is what

A

an anticoagulant

61
Q

monocytes produce cytokines that do what

A

initiate inflammation

62
Q

the cytoplasm for monocytes is what color

A

pale blue!

63
Q

b cells become?

A

plasma cells (make antibodies)

64
Q

t cells do what

A

kill viral cells and make cytokines

65
Q

what are null cells

A

stem cells, natural killer cells

66
Q

what are known as the cell fragments from megakaryocte

A

platlets

67
Q

what is the outer region of the platlet called that doesnt stain

A

hyalomere

68
Q

what is the dense core of granules that stains bluish in a platelet called

A

granulomere

69
Q

alpha cells in platlets make

A

fibrinogen

70
Q

delta cells in platlets make

A

Ca2t, serotonin and ATP

71
Q

what is the count of platlets

A

250,000-500,000

72
Q

what does haemostasis mean? and what assists with it

A

arrest of bleeding

platlets

73
Q

serotonin is a potent ?

A

vasconstrictor

74
Q

what do thrombocytes release?

A

serotonin, they clog walls of vessles

75
Q

when platelets become sticky and swell because they are in contact with the collagenous fibers in vessel walls it is called what

A

platelet plug or platelet thrombosis

76
Q

what are some reasons for thrombosis

A
  • roughened vessel walls (atherosclerosis)

- slow moving blood “ varicose veins”

77
Q

moving clot?

A

embolus

78
Q

what is something that is associated with low platelet count

A

thrombocytopenia

HISTO Block 3 (7 decks)

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