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Y1 Science For Medicine > Blood introduction > Flashcards

Blood introduction Flashcards

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1
Q

6 Functions of Blood?

A

1) Carriage of physiologically acitve compounds
2) Clotting
3) defence
4) Carriage of Gas
5) Thermoregulation
6) Maintains ECF pH

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2
Q

Albumin plasma protein

A

Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein
IT transports insoluble molecules
The dominant contributer to colloid oncotic pressure

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3
Q

Globulin plasma protein

A

Alpha & beta are transport proteins

Gamma globulins are antibodies (immunoglobulins)

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4
Q

Fibrinogen etc

A

One of many clotting factors

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5
Q

Do plasma proteins cross the capillary wall?

A

No

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6
Q

How do plasma proteins generate oncotic pressure?

A

They disperse water creating an osmotic gradient which pulls water from ISF into the blood.

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7
Q

How does colloid oncotic pressure affect concentration and volume of fluid?

A

Concentration of fluids remain unchanged and the volumes of ISF & plasma alter to ensure this.

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8
Q

What determines net fluid movement?

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure, CHP (outward)

Colloid oncotic pressure

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9
Q

Why isnt interstitial hydrostatic pressure involved in net fluid movement?

A

Its much smaller than the Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure so is negligible.

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10
Q

What is hypoproteinaemia?

A

Abnormally low levels of circulating plasma protein

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11
Q

What does hypoproteinaemia cause?

A
  • Prolonged starvation
  • liver disease
  • intestinal diseases
  • nephrosis (kidney disease)
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12
Q

What is the main common characteristic of hyoproteinaemia?

A

Oedema due to loss of oncotic pressure

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13
Q

What are myeloid cells?

A

Any blood cell that isnt a lymphocyte

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14
Q

How are lymphocytes formed?

A
  • > pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
  • > Lymphocyte stem cells
  • > lymphocytes
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15
Q

How are other blood cells formed?

A
  • > Pluripotent hematopoeietic stem cells
  • > uncommited stem cells
  • > committed progenitor cells
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16
Q

How are mature RBC specifically formed?

A

commited progenitor cells

  • > erythroblast (bone marrow)
  • > reticulocyte (circulation)
  • > Erythrocyte (circulation)
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17
Q

How are platelets specifically formed?

A

Commited progenitor cells

  • > megakaryocyte (bone marrow)
  • > Platelets (circulation)
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18
Q

What are lymphoid cells?

A

White blood cells

19
Q

What type(s) of cell is a neutrophil?

A

Lymphoid cell & Myeloid cell

20
Q

What types of cell is an erythrocyte?

A

RBC & Myeloid cell

21
Q

What types of cell are platelets?

A

Myeloid cells

22
Q

What types of cell are basophil cells?

A

Myeloid

Lymphoid

23
Q

What types of cell are lymphocytes?

A

Lymphoid

24
Q

What types of cell are basophils?

A

Lymphoid

Myeloid

25
Q

What types of cell are eosinophils?

A

Myeloid

Lymphoid

26
Q

What is the colour change of erythrocytes?

A

Arterial ones contain oxyhaemoglobin bright red

Venous ones contain deoxyhaemoglobin so are blue-purple

27
Q

What is the lifespan of an Erythrocyte?

A

120 days

28
Q

What is the shape of erythrocytes?

A

Bi-concave

29
Q

What is the haemotocrit?

A

The percentage of the blood that is RBCs

30
Q

Why is plasma yellow?

A

From the prescence of bilirubin, a breakdown product of RBCs

31
Q

What is blood viscosity?

A

How thick/sticky it is compared to water. E.g. blood is 3-4x thicker than water and plasma is 1.8x thicker than water.

32
Q

What does viscosity depedn on?

A 
Haematocit (50% increase in haemotocrit doubles blood viscosity)
Temperature (1C change alters viscosity by 2%)
Flow rate (decrease causees increased viscosity and vice versa)
33
Q

How does the haematocit affect Viscosity?

A

A 50% increase in haematocrit doubles the viscosity of blood

34
Q

How does flow rate alter viscosity?

A

The lower the flow rate the higher the viscosity

35
Q

How is viscosity affected by temperature?

A

A 1C change in temperatue changes viscosity by 2%. (Increasing temp decreases viscosity and vice versa)

36
Q

What controls LEukopoiesis?

A

A cocktail of different cytokines

37
Q

What are cytokines?

A

Peptides/proteins released form one cell type and acting on another

38
Q

What releases cytokines?

A

Fibroblasts
Mature white blood cells
Endothelial cells

39
Q

How does leukopoiesis vary?

A

The stimulation (i.e. cytokines used) is different depending on the infection. I.e. during bacterial infection the stiumlation of neutrophil production increases (same with lymphoscytes for viral)

40
Q

What does it mean if teh cytokine cocktail is dynamic?

A

IT means its changin its composition in repsonse to infection to infulencewhich white blood cells are formed.

41
Q

What factor binds platelets to damaged vessel walls?

A

The von Willibrand Factor

42
Q

What controls/stimulates erythropioesis?

A

Eryhtropoietin

43
Q

What stimulates secretion of erythropoietin?

A

When oxygen levels in kidney are hypoxic. (low oxygen delivery to kidneys)

Y1 Science For Medicine (35 decks)

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