Foundations in Immunology

Question 1

What cells are involved in innate immunity?

Answer 1

MAcrophages

Neutrophils

Question 2

What cells are involved in adaptive immunity?

Answer 2

Lymphocytes

Question 3

What are the 3 sectors of the immune system?

Answer 3

• Physical Barriers
• Phagocytic Cells
• Soluble factors

Question 4

What physical barriers are part of the innate immune system?

Answer 4

• Tight junctions between epithelia

- Mucous Membranes

Question 5

What occurs to neutrophils after phagocytosing?

Answer 5

They DIE!

Question 6

What are the primary lympoid organs?

Answer 6

• Thymus
• Bone marrow
• Foetal Liver

Question 7

Whats the function of primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 7

Producing & maturing lymphocytes

Question 8

Whats the function of secondary lymphoid tissues?

Answer 8

Maintaining lymphocytes
Filtering lymph
Initiating immune responses

Question 9

Where are some secondary lymphoid tissues?

Answer 9

• Lymph Nodes

- Spleen

Question 10

What are the fundamental properties of the adaptive immune system?

Answer 10

• Specificity
• Diversity
• Memory
• Recruitment of other defence mechanisms

Question 11

What do B cells differnetiatie to?

Answer 11

PLasma cells

Question 12

What do palsma cells do?

Answer 12

Synthesise antibodies

Question 13

What part of an antibody binds to the antigen?

Answer 13

Antibody paratope binds to antigen epitope

Question 14

What are antigens?

Answer 14

Proteins able to evoke an immune response by reactin with immune products

Question 15

How many serum proteins make yp the complement sustem?

Answer 15

25

Question 16

What happens to serum proteins in the complement system?

Answer 16

The 25 serum proteins are activated & assembled into function units

Question 17

What 3 things can complement proteins do?

Answer 17

Recruit inflammatory cells
Pathogen opsonisation
Lysis

Question 18

What non-specific humoral factors are involved in the innate immune system?

Answer 18

• complement proteins
• lysins
• growth inhibitors
• enzyme inhibitors

Question 19

What are the 3 different activation pathways of the complement system?

Answer 19

• Classical
• Lectin
• Alternative

Question 20

Which complement pathway links the inante & adaptive immune system?

Answer 20

The classical

Question 21

What complement proteins are chemoattractants?

Answer 21

C3a & C5a

Question 22

What do complement proteins form to attack pathogens?

Answer 22

MAC

Membrane attack complexes

Question 23

What are natural killer cells?

Answer 23

Simlilar to lymphocytes & phagocytes

Question 24

How do NK cells kill?

Answer 24

• Secrete perforin then form a MAC to drill holes into the cell. Then secrete enzymes.
• Use Fas protein to sinal the cell to commit suicide

Question 25

How do B cells reconise antigens?

Answer 25

Via BCR which is surface IgM

Question 26

How do T cells recognise antigens?

Answer 26

T cells need to be shown the protein antigen associated with MHC

Question 27

Whats differnet amount a secondary immune resonse to a primary?

Answer 27

• LArger
• Faster
• Qualitively different.

Question 28

What do B cells need to produce antibodys?

Answer 28

• Kill & present antigens

- Then interact with a T cell recogniszing those antigens

Question 29

what part of an antigen do B cells detect/bind to?

Answer 29

Epitopes