Autonomic Physiology 2 Flashcards
What muscle in the eye is effected by beta2 receptors?
The ciliary muscle around lens
Relaxes muscle and eye focuses far away
What muscle in the eye is effected by alpha1 receptors?
Radial muscle of iris
Muscle contracts and dilates pupil
How do muscarinic receptors affect the ciliary muscle?
Cause it to contract and focus close up
How is the eye’s sphincter muscle affected by by muscarinic receptors?
Muscarinic receptors cause the sphincter muscle to contract and shrink the pupil
What does alpha1 receptors always do?
Causes contraction of smooth muscle
what do beta2 receptors always do?
Cause relaxation of smooth muscle
What receptors are always excitatory?
beta1, such as increasing heartrate
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What controls the autonomic nervous system?
Autonomic reflexes
Centrol control from the hypothalamus (controls both nervous sytems and endocrine activity)
What are the 3 main complications of the ANS?
Some neruones relase NANC transmitters
Some release co-transmitter
Some just break rules (e.g. sympathetic fibres innervating sweat glands using Ach)
Single innervation?
Where only one of the sympathetic/parasympathetic systems affects the tissue (energy stores only altered by sympathetic systems)
Whats tone?
The constant level of activity in a single innervation system (control of the system is done by altering tone)
Dual innervation
System is affected by both para and sympathetic systems (usually oppositely)
