Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiorespiratory CC > Blood groups + transfusions > Flashcards

Blood groups + transfusions Flashcards

1
Q

Blood group locations

A

Located on surface of RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RBC

A

Lipid bilayer

Sugar residues + proteins in it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sugar residues on RBC

A

Form one type of blood group system e.g. ABO

Determined by genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Proteins on RBC

A

Form another type of blood group system e.g. Rhesus (Rh)

Determined by genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Number of antigens

A

Over 300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antibodies

A

Immunoglobins in plasma which react specifically with their antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Autoantibodies

A

React with antigens present on person’s own red cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alloantibodies

A

Produced by the person against antigens not present on person’s own red cells

  • -> naturally occurring (exposure to environment)
  • -> immune (contact with antigen)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Agglutination

A

Occurs when antigen mixed with corresponding antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ABO Blood groups

A

Defined by presence or absence of polysaccharide antigens A and B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antibodies against antigens A and B

A

Naturally occurring antibodies (IgM) against these antigens in negative individuals

  • -> Anti-A
  • -> Anti-B
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

IgM

A

Cold-acting –> bind at room temp

Activate complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood Group A

A

Has anti-B in plasma

–> will be agglutinated by anti-A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood group B

A

Has anti-A in plasma

–> will be agglutinated by anti-B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Blood group O

A

Has anti-A and anti-B in plasma

–> will not be agglutinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blood group AB

A

No ABO antibody in plasma

Will be agglutinated by anti-a and anti-b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phenotype

A

Antigens detectable on red cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Genotype

A

Antigens encoded in DNA (1 copy from each parent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A Phenotype

A

AA
AO
Genotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

B Phenotype

A

BB
BO
Genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

AB Phenotype

A

AB Genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

O Phenotype

A

OO Genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rhesus proteins

A 
3 pairs of proteins
Inherited as triplet from each parent
D or d (d= no D)
C or c
E or e
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rhesus antibodies

A

Immune only

Will only be produced if person is exposed to antigen through transfusion, pregnancy or transplantation

25
D antigen
Most clinically important 80% People without D antigen will develop anti-D if not exposed to it D either present or absent
26
D positive
No anti-D antibodies
27
D negative
anti-D antibodies (only produced if contact with D positive)
28
CcDE red cells
Agglutinate with anti-C, anti-c, anti-D and anti-E but not anti-e
29
cdE red cells
Agglutinate with anti-c, anti-E
30
Patient RhD positive
Donor can be RhD positive or negative
31
Patient RhD negative
Donor RhD negative | Avoid giving RhD +ve blood to RhD negative, especially women of child bearing potential
32
Haemolytic disease of foetus and newborn
Can occur when mother is Rh- and father Rh+ | --> baby can be Rh+
33
First pregnancy haemolytic disease
Nothing much happens Antibodies being sent in one direction from mother to child During birth= blood mixed + anti-D antibodies are produced
34
Second pregnancy haemolytic disease
anti-D stimulated, crosses placenta and destroys foetal red cells
35
Haemolytic disease MOA
Rh + father Rh- mother carrying first Rh+ foetus Rh antigens from developing foetus can enter mother's blood during delivery In response to foetal Rh antigens, mother produces anti-Rh antibodies If women becomes pregnant with another Rh+ foetus, anti-Rh antibodies will cross placenta + damage foetal red blood cells
36
Haemolytic disease consequences
``` Foetal anaemia (can be fatal) Neonatal jaundice (can cause brain damage) Kernicterus (bilirubin build up can cause neurological damage) ```
37
Haemolytic disease treatment
Prophylaxis after a sensitising event during pregnancy --> prophylactic anti-D Ig to all negative mothers in 3rd trimester Postnatally is baby is D-positive
38
Red cell transfusion
Unit with most plasma removed
39
Red cells in additive solution transfusion
With most plasma | White cells + platelets removed
40
Leukocyte-depleted red cells transfusion
99.9% of white cells removed
41
Reasons for transfusion
``` Anaemia Bone marrow failure Sickle cell disease Malaria Acute blood loss ```
42
Red cell storage temp
4 degrees
43
Red cell shelf life
35 days
44
Clinical use of red cells
``` Blood loss Bone marrow failure Haemolysis Inherited haemoglobin disorders Anaemia due to iron, B12 or folate deficiency- avoid transfusion, give haematinic replacement therapy ```
45
Immune complication to Transfusion
Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction Febrile non-haemolytic Allergic (anaphylaxis) Post transfusion purpura
46
Non-immune complication to Transfusion
Fluid overload | Iron overload
47
AB person transfusion
Can receive A, B and O cells a contain no ABO antibody
48
AB person giving transfusion
Can't be given to A, B or O
49
O person giving transfusion
Can be given to any blood type | Resistant to anti-a, anti-b or anti-AB
50
O person transfusion
O cannot receive A and B cells because contains anti-a or anti-b
51
Rhesus positive
Not to pregnant | But can be given to men in need of massive transfusion
52
Patient Group O
Can be given O, A, B or AB
53
Patient Group A
Can be given A or AB
54
Patient Group B
Can be given B or AB
55
Patient Group AB
Can be given AB
56
Organising a transfusion
``` Blood grouping (ABO and RhD typing) Antibody screening (detects atypical antibodies) Cross matching (mix donor red cells + patient serum) ```
57
Transfusion reaction symptoms
Restless Flushing Anxiety Abdo pain
58
Transfusion reaction Signs
Fever Hypotension Haemoglobinuria
59
Transfusion reaction what to do
STOP TRANSFUSION Maintain venous access with saline Commence resuscitation

Cardiorespiratory CC (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions