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Cardiorespiratory CC > Anatomy of Thorax > Flashcards

Anatomy of Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Sternal Angle

A

T4/5

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2
Q

Spinal nerve posterior rami

A

Supply skin + muscles posterior to vertebral column

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3
Q

Spinal nerve anterior rami

A

Intercostal nerves innervating the intercostal muscles and the skin that overlies them

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4
Q

Pectoralis Major Action

A

Flexion, medial rotation + adduction of arm

Aids inspiration- accessory muscle

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5
Q

Pec Major Innervation

A

Pectoral nerves (C5-T1) from brachial plexus

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6
Q

Pectoralis Minor Action

A

Helps elevate rib cage

Inspiration

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7
Q

Pec Minor place

A

Coming from Coracoid Process superiorly down to the 3/4/5th rib

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8
Q

Pec minor innervation

A

Pectoral nerves (C5-T1) from brachial plexus

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9
Q

Sternocleidomastoid place

A

From mastoid process superiorly

Attaches to sternum and clavicle

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10
Q

Sternocleidomastoid action

A

Elevates chest

Inspiration

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11
Q

Sternocleidomastoid innervation

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve XI

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12
Q

Serratus anterior placement

A

Underside of scapula
Wraps around chest to insert onto ribs
Makes up medial wall of axilla

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13
Q

Serratus anterior innervation

A 
Long thoracic (C5-C7)
superficial to the muscle
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14
Q

Long thoracic damage

A

Scapular winging

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15
Q

Rectus abdominis placement

A

Attaches to costal margin
Runs down front of abdomen
Attaches to pubic symphysis

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16
Q

Recuts abdominis action

A

Pulls down ribcage

Aids forced expiration

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17
Q

Rectus abdominis innervation

A

Intercostal and subcostal nerves T7-T12

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18
Q

External intercostal muscles

A

Hands in pockets
Pulls ribcage up and out
Elevates rib cage –> inspiration

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19
Q

Internal intercostal muscles

A

Hands on shoulders

Depressing ribcage –> expiration

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20
Q

Innermost intercostal muscles

A

Hands on shoulders

Depressing ribcage –> expiration

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21
Q

Muscles of respiration innervation

A

T2-11

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22
Q

Neurovascular bundle

A

Between internal and innermost intercostals in costal groove

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23
Q

Intercostal nerves innervation

A

Anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves

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24
Q

Thoracocentesis

A

Sample pleural fluid- in costophrenic recess
9th intercostal space in mid-axillary line
Superior to rib

25
Thoracocentesis risk
Lacerate liver Pneumothorax Haemothorax
26
Chest Drain
Case of pneumothorax | 5th intercostal space in mid-axillary line
27
Axilla Safe triangle
Apex below axilla Anterior border of Lat. Dorsi Lateral border of pec. Major nipple level
28
Diaphragm
Phrenic nerve- C3,4,5 Medial part is tendinous Peripheral part is muscular
29
IVC passes through diaphragm
T8
30
Oesophagus passes through diaphragm
T10
31
Aortic hiatus passes through diaphragm
T12
32
Visceral pleura innervation
Sympathetic nerves | Same as lung tissue
33
Parietal pleura innervation- laterally
Intercostal nerves T2-12
34
Parietal pleura innervation- mediastinal surface
Phrenic nerve- C3,4,5
35
Parietal pleura innervation- diaphragmatic surface
Intercostal nerves and phrenic
36
Lung tumour
Visceral pleura- no pain | Parietal pleura- lots of pain
37
Blunted costophrenic angle
Fluid in lungs
38
Inferior border of lungs
Mid clavicular- 6th rib Mid axillary- 8th rib Posteriorly- 10th rib
39
Inferior border of pleura
Mid clavicular- 8th rib Mid axillary- 10th rib Posteriorly- 12th rib
40
Left Lung
2 lobes Superior + inferior Divided by oblique fissure
41
Right lung
3 lobes Superior, middle and inferior Superior + middle- horizontal fissure Middle + inferior - oblique fissure
42
Medial surface of lungs
Pulmonary arteries always higher than pulmonary veins
43
Traches bifurcation
Carina | T4
44
Lobar Bronchi
Left- 2 | Right- 3
45
Airway sequence
``` Trachea Main bronchus Lobar bronchus Segmental bronchi Conducting bronchioles Terminal bronchioles Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs ```
46
Hyper-expansion
Lungs have become hyper-expanded and compress the diaphragm | More ribs in lung field
47
Emphysema
One of commonest reasons for hyper-expansion Destruction of alveolar walls Loss of elastic tissue so less recoil of lungs
48
Emphysema hyper-expansion
Less elastic recoil Alveoli collapse + air trapped in them Air trapped --> hyper-expansion --> compressed diaphragm
49
Superior mediastinum location
Above angle of louis
50
superior mediastinum content
``` Thymus Great vessels Oesophagus Trachea Phrenic nerves Vagus nerves Recurrent laryngeal nerves Thoracic duct ```
51
inferior mediastinum location
below level of sternal angle
52
Inferior mediastinum content
Anterior- everything anterior to heart Middle- heart + pericardium Posterior- posterior to heart
53
Left recurrent laryngeal
Branch of left vagus | Loops under aortic arch + travels up to larynx
54
Right recurrent laryngeal
Branch of right vagus | Loop under right subclavian artery and runs back up to larynx
55
Recurrent laryngeal
Innervate intrinsic muscles that move vocal cords Damage to 1- hoarse voice Damage to voice- can't speak
56
Posterior mediastinum
``` 4 birds (3 goose + 1 duck) Azygos Vagus Oesophagus Thoracic Duct ```
57
Sympathetic Trunk
T1-L2 Fight or flight response Runs either side of posterior mediastinum
58
Head and neck
cervical ganglion/stellate ganglion
59
Above T1 and below L2
Sympathetic innervation

Cardiorespiratory CC (34 decks)

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