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Cardiorespiratory CC > Anatomy of Thorax > Flashcards

Anatomy of Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Sternal Angle

A

T4/5

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2
Q

Spinal nerve posterior rami

A

Supply skin + muscles posterior to vertebral column

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3
Q

Spinal nerve anterior rami

A

Intercostal nerves innervating the intercostal muscles and the skin that overlies them

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4
Q

Pectoralis Major Action

A

Flexion, medial rotation + adduction of arm

Aids inspiration- accessory muscle

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5
Q

Pec Major Innervation

A

Pectoral nerves (C5-T1) from brachial plexus

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6
Q

Pectoralis Minor Action

A

Helps elevate rib cage

Inspiration

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7
Q

Pec Minor place

A

Coming from Coracoid Process superiorly down to the 3/4/5th rib

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8
Q

Pec minor innervation

A

Pectoral nerves (C5-T1) from brachial plexus

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9
Q

Sternocleidomastoid place

A

From mastoid process superiorly

Attaches to sternum and clavicle

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10
Q

Sternocleidomastoid action

A

Elevates chest

Inspiration

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11
Q

Sternocleidomastoid innervation

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve XI

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12
Q

Serratus anterior placement

A

Underside of scapula
Wraps around chest to insert onto ribs
Makes up medial wall of axilla

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13
Q

Serratus anterior innervation

A 
Long thoracic (C5-C7)
superficial to the muscle
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14
Q

Long thoracic damage

A

Scapular winging

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15
Q

Rectus abdominis placement

A

Attaches to costal margin
Runs down front of abdomen
Attaches to pubic symphysis

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16
Q

Recuts abdominis action

A

Pulls down ribcage

Aids forced expiration

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17
Q

Rectus abdominis innervation

A

Intercostal and subcostal nerves T7-T12

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18
Q

External intercostal muscles

A

Hands in pockets
Pulls ribcage up and out
Elevates rib cage –> inspiration

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19
Q

Internal intercostal muscles

A

Hands on shoulders

Depressing ribcage –> expiration

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20
Q

Innermost intercostal muscles

A

Hands on shoulders

Depressing ribcage –> expiration

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21
Q

Muscles of respiration innervation

A

T2-11

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22
Q

Neurovascular bundle

A

Between internal and innermost intercostals in costal groove

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23
Q

Intercostal nerves innervation

A

Anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves

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24
Q

Thoracocentesis

A

Sample pleural fluid- in costophrenic recess
9th intercostal space in mid-axillary line
Superior to rib

25
Q

Thoracocentesis risk

A

Lacerate liver
Pneumothorax
Haemothorax

26
Q

Chest Drain

A

Case of pneumothorax

5th intercostal space in mid-axillary line

27
Q

Axilla Safe triangle

A

Apex below axilla
Anterior border of Lat. Dorsi
Lateral border of pec. Major
nipple level

28
Q

Diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve- C3,4,5
Medial part is tendinous
Peripheral part is muscular

29
Q

IVC passes through diaphragm

30
Q

Oesophagus passes through diaphragm

31
Q

Aortic hiatus passes through diaphragm

32
Q

Visceral pleura innervation

A

Sympathetic nerves

Same as lung tissue

33
Q

Parietal pleura innervation- laterally

A

Intercostal nerves T2-12

34
Q

Parietal pleura innervation- mediastinal surface

A

Phrenic nerve- C3,4,5

35
Q

Parietal pleura innervation- diaphragmatic surface

A

Intercostal nerves and phrenic

36
Q

Lung tumour

A

Visceral pleura- no pain

Parietal pleura- lots of pain

37
Q

Blunted costophrenic angle

A

Fluid in lungs

38
Q

Inferior border of lungs

A

Mid clavicular- 6th rib
Mid axillary- 8th rib
Posteriorly- 10th rib

39
Q

Inferior border of pleura

A

Mid clavicular- 8th rib
Mid axillary- 10th rib
Posteriorly- 12th rib

40
Q

Left Lung

A

2 lobes
Superior + inferior
Divided by oblique fissure

41
Q

Right lung

A

3 lobes
Superior, middle and inferior
Superior + middle- horizontal fissure
Middle + inferior - oblique fissure

42
Q

Medial surface of lungs

A

Pulmonary arteries always higher than pulmonary veins

43
Q

Traches bifurcation

44
Q

Lobar Bronchi

A

Left- 2

Right- 3

45
Q

Airway sequence

A 
Trachea
Main bronchus
Lobar bronchus
Segmental bronchi
Conducting bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
46
Q

Hyper-expansion

A

Lungs have become hyper-expanded and compress the diaphragm

More ribs in lung field

47
Q

Emphysema

A

One of commonest reasons for hyper-expansion
Destruction of alveolar walls
Loss of elastic tissue so less recoil of lungs

48
Q

Emphysema hyper-expansion

A

Less elastic recoil
Alveoli collapse + air trapped in them
Air trapped –> hyper-expansion –> compressed diaphragm

49
Q

Superior mediastinum location

A

Above angle of louis

50
Q

superior mediastinum content

A 
Thymus
Great vessels
Oesophagus
Trachea
Phrenic nerves
Vagus nerves
Recurrent laryngeal nerves
Thoracic duct
51
Q

inferior mediastinum location

A

below level of sternal angle

52
Q

Inferior mediastinum content

A

Anterior- everything anterior to heart
Middle- heart + pericardium
Posterior- posterior to heart

53
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal

A

Branch of left vagus

Loops under aortic arch + travels up to larynx

54
Q

Right recurrent laryngeal

A

Branch of right vagus

Loop under right subclavian artery and runs back up to larynx

55
Q

Recurrent laryngeal

A

Innervate intrinsic muscles that move vocal cords
Damage to 1- hoarse voice
Damage to voice- can’t speak

56
Q

Posterior mediastinum

A 
4 birds (3 goose + 1 duck)
Azygos
Vagus
Oesophagus
Thoracic Duct
57
Q

Sympathetic Trunk

A

T1-L2
Fight or flight response
Runs either side of posterior mediastinum

58
Q

Head and neck

A

cervical ganglion/stellate ganglion

59
Q

Above T1 and below L2

A

Sympathetic innervation

Cardiorespiratory CC (34 decks)

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