Blood groups and transfusions

Question 1

What is the life span of red blood cells?

Answer 1

120 days

Question 2

What are main antigens on RBC?

Answer 2

ABO
Rhesus

Question 3

What percentage has blood groups? Antibodies?

Answer 3

A dominant- 40% anti-B antibodies
B dominant- 12% anti-A antibodies
AB- 3% universal acceptor no antibodies
O- 45% universal donor no antigens but both
anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Question 4

What is the universal acceptor?

Answer 4

AB- no antibodies

Question 5

What is the universal donor?

Answer 5

O- no antigens
- both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Question 6

What are ABO antigens made from?

Answer 6

Carbohydrates

Question 7

Where is IgM antibody made?

Answer 7

Spleen

Question 8

What antibody can’t cross placenta?

Answer 8

IgM can’t cross placenta
Rhesus (IgG) can cross placenta

Question 9

Blood type A will have what antigens?
What antibodies?

Answer 9

A
Anti B antibodies (attack B)

Question 10

Blood type AB will have what antigens?

Answer 10

A, B

Question 11

What anti anti-bodies will A,B have?

Answer 11

None

Question 12

What anti-anti bodies will O have

Answer 12

A,B

Question 13

What blood can receive if you are type A?

Answer 13

A,O

Question 14

What type of blood can you recieve if B blood?

Answer 14

B,O

Question 15

What blood can AB blood recieve?

Answer 15

A,B,AB,O
Universal acceptor

Question 16

What blood can O receive?

Answer 16

O
Universal donor

Question 17

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Amn2EWTY2Lk

Answer 17

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Amn2EWTY2Lk

Question 18

If rhesus negative

Answer 18

Create D antibodies
Can’t receive positive blood
Need negative blood

Question 19

What is rhesus antigen?

Answer 19

Series C, D, E
D/d most important
D- dominant- null gene so no protein
- no affect

Question 20

What percentage of population are rhesus negative?

Answer 20

15%

Question 21

What is rhesus disease?

Answer 21

Haemolytic disease of foetus and new born
(HDFN)

Question 22

Explain rhesus disease?

Answer 22

Mother’s antibodies attack baby’s erythrocytes
If Mother is D but father gives rhesus D positive baby.
Baby’s rhesus D positive antigens cross placenta- mother make rhesus D antibodies that destroy RBCs of the baby
Baby becomes anaemic

Question 23

Treatment of rhesus?

Answer 23

Anti-D immunoglobulin injections
Prevents mother making own anti-D immunoglobulins
Mother has already developed anti-D antibodies previous pregnancies- harder to use injection
Antenatal screening during pregnancy
Test for rhesus antigens in pregnant women Prevent sensitisation by giving anti-D to D negative mothers.

Question 24

Exposure Rhesus D positive antigens?

Answer 24

1) Women rhesus negative (dd)
2) Get exposed foetal rhesus positive (DD/Dd)
antigens
3) Make IgG anti-D
4) Anti-D IgG crosses placenta and haemolytic
babies RBCs
5) Result in in-utero death, still-birth, brain
damage, deafness, and blindness
6) Requires in-utero blood transfusion

Question 25

How to determine blood group? Transfusion?

Answer 25

Reagents
Screen plasma- check antibodies
Cross check

Question 26

Alternatives transfusion?

Answer 26

Treat anemia pre
Operative erythropoietin- stim RBC
Plasma- prod factor 8/9
Platelets
Albumin
Cryoprecipitate- frozen blood rich fibrinogen

Question 27

State: what antibodies present in plasma?
antigens present on red blood cells?

Answer 27