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Blood Bank CCF > Blood Donation > Flashcards

Blood Donation Flashcards

Exam 3

1
Q

What is the difference between an apheresis donation and a whole blood donation?

A

An apheresis donation removes blood from the donor and only takes one blood component from the donor. The rest is put back into the donor. In a whole blood donation, all blood components are taken from the donor and later processed and separated out into different blood products.

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2
Q

Describe the process of prepping a donor and collecting blood for whole blood donation.

A

ChloraPrep is used to clean the draw site and the area is scrubbed 4 cm in every direction for 30 seconds. Begin collection of blood (never leave patient unattended). Mix the anticoagulant and blood periodically. Collect 405-550 mL of blood and draw additional tubes on the donor for testing.

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3
Q

Describe the two different processes for apheresis collection.

A

Intermittent flow centrifugation: the blood is processed in batches or cycles and they cycles are repeated until enough is obtained. Only one venipuncture site is needed.
Continuous flow centrifugation: blood withdrawal, processing, and reinfusion are all performed simultaneously. Requires two venipuncture sites.

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4
Q

How often can you donate whole blood?

A

8 weeks

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5
Q

How often can you donate for platelet apheresis?

A

Twice every 7 days, 24 total times per year, 2 days apart

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6
Q

How often can you donate for plasma apheresis?

A

Twice within a 7 days, 2 days apart

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7
Q

How often can you donate for a double RBC apheresis?

A

16 weeks

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8
Q

How long must a donor wait to donate platelets after taking aspirin?

A

2 days

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9
Q

How long must a donor wait to donate following the end of a pregnancy (be that birth, 3rd trimester miscarriage/abortion)?

A

6 weeks

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10
Q

How long must a donor wait to donate following a blood product transfusion or an organ transplant?

A

3 months

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11
Q

How long must a donor wait to donate after receiving a live attenuated or bacterial vaccine?

A

2 weeks

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12
Q

How long must a donor wait to donate after receiving a German measles (rubella) or chicken pox live attenuated vaccine?

A

4 weeks

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13
Q

How long must a donor wait to donate after receiving a smallpox vaccine?

A

3 weeks

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14
Q

How long must a donor wait to donate after receiving most viral vaccines?

A

No deferral

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15
Q

How long must a donor wait to donate after an unregulated tattoo/piercing or an accidental needle stick?

A

3 months

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16
Q

How long must a donor wait to donate after having sexual contact with someone who has HIV/AIDS or hepatitis?

A

3 months

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17
Q

If a donor travels to an area endemic to malaria, how long must they wait to donate?

A

3 months

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18
Q

If a donor was a previous resident in a country endemic to malaria, how long after relocating to the U.S. must they wait to donate?

A

3 years

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19
Q

If a donor has spent 3 months or more in the U.K. between 1980-1996, how long must they wait to donate?

A

Indefinitely deferred

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20
Q

A donor will be indefinitely deferred if after 1980 the time they spent in France or Ireland exceeds ____________.

A

5 years

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21
Q

If a donor has received a blood transfusion in the U.K. or France after 1980, how long must they wait to donate?

A

Indefinitely deferred

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22
Q

List the diseases that would cause indefinite deferral of the donor if acquired.

A

HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B or C, Chaga’s Disease, blood cancer, bleeding condition, CJD or relatives with CJD

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23
Q

If a patient has contracted syphilis or gonorrhea, how long must they wait after receiving treatment before they can donate?

A

3 months

24
Q

If a patient has contracted malaria, how long must they wait after being asymptomatic before they can donate?

A

3 years

25
Q

If a donor has been in prison for greater than _______________ they will be deferred from donation for 12 months.

A

72 hours

26
Q

What must a donor’s temperature be to donate blood?

A

< or = 37.5C or 99.5F

27
Q

What must a donor’s pulse be to donate blood?

A

50-100 bpm

28
Q

What must a donor’s blood pressure be to donate blood?

A

< or = 180/100

29
Q

What must a donor’s hemoglobin level be to donate blood?

A

Women: > or = 12.5 g/dL, Men: > or = 13.0 g/dL

30
Q

What must a donor’s hematocrit be to donate blood?

A

Women: > or = 38%, men: > or = 39%

31
Q

What is an autologous donation?

A

Donating blood for yourself to use in the future

32
Q

How soon before the patient’s surgery must they stop making autologous donations?

A

72 hours

33
Q

What are the minimum hemoglobin and hematocrit levels for autologous donation?

A

Hemoglobin: 11g/dL, Hematocrit: 33%

34
Q

What is a directed donation?

A

When a unit is collected from an individual for a specific patient

35
Q

What are the minimum hemoglobin and hematocrit levels for directed donations?

A

Same as allogeneic donations

36
Q

What are some mild reactions that can occur when donating a unit of blood?

A

Syncope/fainting, nausea/vomiting, hyperventilation, twitch and muscle spasms (usually due to hyperventilation)

37
Q

What serologic testing must be performed on every whole blood donation?

A

ABORh, Antibody Screen, Hepatitis B and C, HIV, HTLV-I, II, WNV, Syphilis, T. cruzi

38
Q

What testing must be performed on every platelet donation in addition to the previous question?

A

Bacterial culture

39
Q

If the immediate spin D testing on a unit is negative and the weak D testing on the unit is positive, what Rh type is the unit labeled as? Why?

A

Rh positive- Even though the donor has a weakened D expression, an Rh negative recipient could form an anti- D in response.

40
Q

What is the clinical picture of Hepatitis B?

A

15-25% develop liver disease, but some may recover without liver damage. Symptoms include jaundice, dark urine, hepatomegaly, anorexia, malaise, fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Some may be asymptomatic.

41
Q

List the screening and confirmatory tests used to test for Hepatitis B.

A

Screening: ChLIA or EIA detecting Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) and Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), or NAT detecting HBV RNA
Confirmatory: HBV DNA neutralization

42
Q

What is the clinical picture for Hepatitis C?

A

Most people remain asymptomatic. Symptoms can include anorexia, fatigue, malaise, and abdominal pain. 60-70% will develop chronic liver disease.

43
Q

List the screening and confirmatory tests used to test for Hepatitis C.

A

Screening: ChLIA, EIA, or NAT
Confirmatory: HCV RNA

44
Q

List the screening and confirmatory tests used to test for HIV.

A

Screening: EIA, ChLIA, NAT
Confirmatory: Western blot, HIV-1 IFA

45
Q

If the screening test for Hepatitis B or C is positive and the confirmatory test is negative, what is done with the unit and can the donor donate again?

A

The unit is discarded and the donor can donate again in 8 weeks

46
Q

List the screening and confirmatory tests used to test for HTLV-I and II.

A

Screening: EIA and ChLIA
Confirmatory: Western blot

47
Q

List the screening and confirmatory tests used to test for West Nile Virus.

A

Screening: NAT (pooled and individual)
Confirmatory: repeat or alternate NAT

48
Q

If the screening test for West Nile Virus is positive, what is done with the unit and can the donor donate again?

A

The unit is discarded and the donor can donate again in 120 days

49
Q

List the screening and confirmatory tests used to test for syphilis.

A

Screening: RPR, VDRL, EIA
Confirmatory: antigen specific immunofluorescence or agglutination assay

50
Q

If the screening and confirmatory tests are positive for syphilis, what is done with the unit and can the donor donate again?

A

Unit is discarded. The donor can donate again 3 months after successful treatment.

51
Q

List the screening and confirmatory tests used to test for Chaga’s Disease.

A

Screening: ChLIA or EIA
Confirmatory: Enzyme strip assay

52
Q

Which test is only performed once in a donor’s lifetime?

A

Chaga’s disease

53
Q

Which test is pooled in groups and then retested individually if the pool comes up positive?

A

West Nile Virus

54
Q

What are some other diseases that can be transmitted by transfusion, but are not tested for?

A

Epstein-Barr Virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, Babesia microti (in most states), malaria, prion diseases (CJD)

55
Q

What agencies regulate donor centers?

A

FDA, AABB, CAP

56
Q

Why do platelets require bacterial testing, but other blood products do not?

A

They are at higher risk of contamination due to room temperature storage.

57
Q

What are the most common bacteria seen contaminating platelets and red cells?

A

Most common in platelets are staph aureus and staph epidermidis. Most common in RBCs is Yersinia entercolitica followed by Pseudomonas.

Blood Bank CCF (26 decks)

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