BLOOD COLLECTION Flashcards
marari trans
correct order of draw (color)
yellow
light blue
red
green
lavender
gray
blood collection is under what phase?
pre-analytical phase
most commonly used in hematology
anticoagulated blood
physiologic factors affecting test results
posture
excercise
diurnal rhythms
diet
stress
smoking
equipments necessary to perform a venipuncture
gloves
needles
hub
evacuated collection tubes
alcohol wipes
syringes
bandages/tape
gauze sponges
tourniquet
sharps container
povidone/iodine swabs/wipes
requisition form
puncturing the vein
venipuncture
what is the complete name of edta
ethylenediaminetertaacetic acid
order of draw (inversions)
8-10
3-4
5 (if plastic is used)
8-10
8-10
8-10
what is the liquid portion in the anticoagulated tube
plasma (has fibrinogen)
types of gloves
latex
vinyl
nitrile
order of draw (anticoagulants)
blood culture
sodium citrate
no additive
sodium heparim
edta
sodium flouride
tourniquet should be left for how long on the arms?
less than 1 minute
components of the evacuated tube system
evacuated tube
needle
adapter
glass tubes with ____ decreases hemolysis
silicone
the tourniquet should be placed in the arm for how many inches from the venipuncture site
3-4 inches above
what is the liquid portion in the coagulated tube
no fibrinogen
in serum testing how long does it take for the sample to clot
30-60 mins
purpose of clot activators
Accelerate clotting process
Decrease specimen preparation time
clot activators could activate what factor
factor XII
needed for clotting by forming insoluble calcium salts
Calcium
color of anticoagulant tops
lavender - edta
citrate - light blue
oxalate - gray
what color top is used in serum chemistry
gold top
→ inert material that undergoes a temporary change in viscosity during centrifugation process
→ enables it to serve as a separation barrier between serum or plasma and cells
gel separatora
Inhibits glucose metabolism by blood cells
Sodium fluoride
binds to thrombin in the plasma
heparin
most common needle size for adults
21G (1 inch)
what are the average sizes of the two way needle when drawing blood
19-23G
parts of the syringe
plunger
barrel
needle hub
needle
butterfly needle is used to collect blood sample for patients who are
Children
Difficult to draw blood
Geriatrics
Tiny, fragile, rolling veins
Short needle with plastic wings connected to thin tubing
Butterfly Needle
parts of the syringe (starting from hub to needle)
hub
shaft
bevel
lumen
3 possible sources in collecting blood
venous blood
capillary blood
arterial blood
what methods are performed when collecting venous blood
Syringe method
Vacuum Method (ETS)
Winged or Butterfly Method
arterial blood is usually done by
respiratory therapists
order of veins
median cubital vein
cephalic vein
basilic vein
why do we need to avoid basilic vein
It is near the brachial artery
if the veins in the arm are unavailable which site should we perform venipuncture?
hand or wrist veins
basic information needed in labeling a sample
Patient’s Full name
Patient’s unique identification number
Date of collection
Time of collection (military time)
Collector’s Initials or code number
sites you should avoid when performing venipuncture
burns
scars
tattoos
edematous patient
hematoma
Site of breast removal
post-masectomy
lymphatic system is stagnant
thus prone to infection
lymphostasis
(+) DOUBLE MASTECTOMY
Capillary puncture
lymphocytosis
remedy for locating the vein in obese patients
use of a blood pressure cuff (not higher than 40mmHg), not be left on the arm for >1min)
what antiseptic is used in cleaning the site
70% isopropyl alcohol
motion in cleaning the site
circular outward motion
using correct guage will
decrease hemolysis
using wrong guage and the needle bore is large it will
increase the chance of hemolysis
how many degrees when inverting the tube
180 degrees
Most common injury in lab
Needle stick injury
complications of venipuncture
Hematoma
Dizziness and vomiting
Can cause nerve or arterial damage
Hemolyzed blood samples
equipment used in capillary puncture
Safety lancets
Automatic lancets
Feather lancets
Microtainer with capillary tube
sites in children where we can perform capillary puncture
lateral or medial sides of the heel
fingers
how deep should we puncture the skin of an premature infant
< 2mm
best site for doing capillary puncture
3rd and 4th finger (NON DOMINANT)
in cap punc, warm the site with soft cloth with warm water and it should reach what temp, then how many minutes you should massage it
41 degrees celsius; 3-5mins
2 possible sources of specimens in capillary puncture
finger
heel
most accessible arterial puncture site
Radial artery
estimation of blood gases (ABG):PH,CO2 andO2
Arterial Puncture
2 types of blood and their color
arterial blood - bright red
venous blood - dark red
blood that has lower amount of oxygen
Venous blood
blood that contains high amount of oxygen
Arterial blood
What top is used for hematology
Lavender/purple top
What top is used for hematology
Lavender/purple top
Determines approves, and publishes the order of draw
clinical laboratory standards institute
Additive in blood culture
Broth mixture
Additive in pale yellow top
Acid-citrate-dextrose
These sites other than the forearm requires more caution and expertise in the blood collection
Femoral vein
Jugular vein
Scalp vein
Why you should not collect blood on the side with mastectomy
To reduce the risk of complications
Differentiate sodium heparin to lithium heparin
Sodium heparin - inactivates thrombin
Lithium heparin - separates plasma in the PST tube
What tests are performed in sodium heparin
Ammonia level
Lithium level
What tests are performed in lithium heparin
Chemistries
