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Human Physiology (1) > Blood basics > Flashcards

Blood basics Flashcards

To be able to identify the different body fluid compartments To understand the function of the blood and circulation Understand the haematoocrit and physiological changes that alter the haematocrit Identify the constituents of blood

1
Q

What is the definition of homeostasis?

A

The various physiological arrangements that serve to restore the normal state of the internal environment once it has been disturbed

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2
Q

What is vital for homeostasis?

A

Blood and circulation

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3
Q

What are the 2 different body fluid parts?

A

Extracellular volume - 14L (3L plasma)

Intracellular volume - 28L (2.5L RBC volume)

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4
Q

What are the 4 different body fluids and their overall volume?

A 
Intracellular fluid - 28L
Extracellular fluid - 14L
Plasma - 3L (extra)
Interstitial fluid - 11L
Total body water - 42L (total)
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5
Q

What are the 4 roles of the transport system?

A

Transport nutrients to tissues
Transport waste products away from tissues
Carry hormones from one part of the body to another
Maintain an appropriate environment in all the tissue fluids for optimal survival and cell function

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6
Q

What is a haematocrit and how does it work?

A

A haematocrit is a test tube that is used to separate out blood
Blood is added with an anticoagulant and spun in a centrifuge for 10mins at 200rpm

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7
Q

What is the usual percentage make up of blood? (3)

A

Plasma - 55% at the top
Leukocytes and platelets - 1% middle layer
Erythrocytes - 45% at the bottom

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8
Q

What is the haematocrit used for and give 2 examples:

A

Can detect blood disorders
Anaemia - small amount of RBC (35%)
Polycythaemia - blood too viscous, can be confused with dehydration (70%)

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9
Q

What causes anaemia? (2)

A 
Blood loss
Haemolytic disease (sickle cell)
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10
Q

What causes polycythaemia? (2)

A

High altitude

Bone marrow tumours

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11
Q

What nutrients are missing if you have anaemia? (4)

A

Iron
Vitamin B12
Folic acid
Riboflavin

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of polycythaemia and how can it be cured? (2)

A

Headaches, blurred vision, confusion, stroke

Venesection can cure

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13
Q

What are the 3 visible parts of a haemoatocrit and what is their role?

A

Plasma - 55% transport of substances
Buffy coat (leukocytes/platelets) - 1% defence and clotting
Erythrocytes - 45% transport of gasses

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14
Q

What makes up blood plasma? (6)

A 
Water
Proteins
Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogen
enzymes/hormones
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15
Q

What is transported in plasma? (5)

A 
Nitrogenous waste products
Organic nutrients
Cations
Anions
Respiratory gases (bicarbonate)
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16
Q

What are the 7 blood cell types?

A 
Myeloid stem cell: 
Erythrocyte
Eosinophil
Macrophage
Basophil
Neutrophil
Platelets

Lymphoid stem cell:
Lymphocytes

Human Physiology (1) (21 decks)

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