Blood and Lab Values

Question 1

Hemoglobin normal values and low/high indicative of?

Answer 1

12-18g/100mL
Low: hemorrhage, anemia
High: polycythemia

Question 2

Hematocrit normal values and low/high indicative of?

Answer 2

35-50%
Low: hemorrhage anemia
high: polycythemia, dehydration

Question 3

RBC normal values and low/high indicative of?

Answer 3

4-6 million/mm3
Low: hemorrhage, anemia
high: polycythemia, heart disease, pulmonary disease

Question 4

WBC normal values for infant/4-7y/8-18 yo; and low/high indicative of?

Answer 4

infant: 8-15,000/mm3
4-7 yo: 6-15,000/mm3
8-18yo: 4500-15000/mm3
Low aplastic anemia, drug toxicity, specific infections
High: inflammation, trauma, toxicity, leukemia

Question 5

Neutrophils (PMN): normal value and signficance

Answer 5

55-60%

Increases in bacterial infection, hemorrhage, diabetic acidosis

Question 6

Lymphocytes: normal value and signficance

Answer 6

25-30%

Viral and bacterial infections, acute and chronic lympoctic leukemia, antigen reaction

Question 7

Eosinophils: normal value and significance

Answer 7

1-3% increases in parasitic and allergic conditions, blood dyscrasias, pernicious anemia

Question 8

% most to least for the WBC

Answer 8

PMN (50%)> Lymphocytes (25%)> Eosinophils 3%> Basophils 1% variable Monocytes 0-9%

Question 9

Basophils normal value and significance

Answer 9

1%

Increases in types of blood dyscrasias

Question 10

Monocytes % and signifance

Answer 10

0-9% variable

Hodgkin’s disease, lipid storage disease, recovery from severe infections, monocytic leukemia

Question 11

ANC (absolute neutrophil count) normal value? How is it calculated? Significance?

Answer 11

((%PMN + %Bands)x Total White Cell count)/100
Normal >1500
<1000 patient at increased risk for infection; defer elective dental care

Question 12

Prothrombin time: normal values, function, and significance

Answer 12

1-18 sec
Measures EXTRINSIC pathway
Prolonged in liver disease, impaired vitamin k production, surgical trauma w/blood loss

Question 13

Partial thromboplastin time: normal values, function, and significance

Answer 13

Normal- determined by lab control
Measures INTRINSIC clotting of blood, congenital clotting disorders
- Prolonged in hemophilia A, B, and C and Von Willebrand’s disease

Question 14

Platelets : normal values, function, and significance

Answer 14

140-340,000/mL
Measures clotting potential
Increased in polycythemia, leukemia, severe hemorrhage;
Decreased in thrombocytopenia purpura

Question 15

Bleeding time: normal values, function, and significance

Answer 15

1-6 mins
Measures quality of platelet
Prolonged in thrombocytopenia

Question 16

INR International normalized Ratio: normal values, function, and significance

Answer 16

Without anticoag 1; with anticoag 2-3
Measures EXTRINSIC clotting fxn
Increased in anticoagulant therapy

Question 17

pH: normal values, function, and significance

Answer 17

6-8
Reflects acidosis/alkalosis
Acidic: diabetes, acidosis, prolonged fever
Alkaline: UTI, alkalosis

Question 18

Na, K, Bicarb, and Cl: normal values, function, and significance

Answer 18

Na: 135-140 increases in cushing syndrome
K: 3.5-5 Increases in tissue breakdown
Bicarb 25-30: reflects acid/base balance
Cl: 100 increases in renal disease and HTN

Question 19

Fluid replacement for children, formula

Answer 19

4cc/kg for 1st 10kg
2cc/kg for 2nd 10kg
1cc/kg for rest of weight per hour
ex 30kg child needs 70 cc per hour

Question 20

Food intake before surgery?

Answer 20

2 hours: clear liquids water, fruit juice
4 hours: breast milk
6 hours: infant formula, nonhuman milk, light meal