Blood Flashcards
List for solutes of plasma
Proteins glucose, electrolytes, antibodies, hormones, vitamins, and amino acids
What is the solvent of plasma?
Water
What are the formed elements of blood?
Platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes
Which formed element has the function of transporting O2 and CO2
Erythrocytes
Which formed element has its primary function protection against foreign antigens?
Leukocytes
Which formed element is important in blood vessel repair?
Platelets
What is the precursor of platelets?
Megakaryocytes
Which leukocytes are Agranulocytes?
Monocytes and lymphocytes
What are the most numerous leukocytes?
Neutrophil
What is the function of the lymphocyte?
Adaptive immune response
What components of blood are in the middle layer of blood centrifuged from a patient?
Leukocytes and platelets
How do you get a hematocrit of a patient?
Red blood cell/total height X 100= % RBC in whole blood
Average hematocrit of an adult?
45%
A—-C—-B
Chemical reaction
Prothrombin—-prothrombin activator—-thrombin
A—-C—-B
Chemical reaction
Fibrinogen—-thrombin—-fibrin
Blood clotting steps
Vascular spasm(vasoconstriction)
COLLAGEN
Platelet plug
PLATELETS
Coagulation
FIBRIN
Create a mesh blood clot that reinforces the platelet plug
Prothrombin
Inactive form of the enzyme thrombin
Once thrombin is chemically produced it catalyzes?
It catalyzes fibrinogen a plasma protein to change into its active form fiber
Fibrin
Create a mesh blood clot that reinforces the platelet plug
Fibrin
Create a mesh blood clot that reinforces the platelet plug
Blood clotting ceases when
the wound is no longer bleeding. This is a positive feedback mechanism.
Extrinsic pathway
Common pathway
Outside wound
Trauma to extravascular cell
Intrinsic pathway
Inside wound
Longer pathway
Steps in hemostasis
Injury— a blood vessel is severed
Vascular spasm — the smooth muscle in the vessel wall contracts near the injury point reducing blood loss
Platelet plug formation— platelets are activated by chemicals released from the injury site and by contact with underlining collagen the platelets become spiked and stick to each other and their wound site
Coagulation— fibrinogen is converted to fibrin which forms a mesh that traps more platelets and erythrocytes sites producing a clot
A blood vessel is damaged. How does the body first respond to this damage?
Vascular spasm
If a blood vessel has a slight tear, how does the body prevent bleeding?
Platelet plug
If a blood vessel is severely damaged, how does the body repair the damage?
Cascading chemical reactions to eventually form a fibrin mesh
Oh, the proteins involved in blood clotting which ones are not enzymes
Prothrombin, fibrinogen and fibrin
Is fibrinogen or fibrin soluble in plasma?
Fibrinogen
What type of blood in the ABO blood groups has both anti-B and anti-A antibodies?
Type O
Which antigen is present on O positive blood?
D antigens
If you were typing a person’s blood and you administered the serum with anti-B antibodies and you saw agglutination occur what happened?
The anti-B antibodies in the serum, chemically reacted bonded to B antigens on red blood cells
Can a person with Rh negative blood receive Rh positive blood during the first transfusion. why or why not?
yes, because the body has not made antibodies yet for D antigens
Type A blood
A antigens
Anti-B anti antibodies
Blood types compatible in an emergency-A and O
Type B blood
B antigens
Anti-A antibodies
Blood types compatible in an emergency - B and O
Type AB blood
No antibodies
Anti-A and and Anti-B antigens
Blood types compatible in an emergency are type A, B, AB, O
AB is the universal recipient
Type O blood
Anti-A and anti-B antibodies
No antigens present
Blood type compatible in an emergency is O
O IS THE UNIVERSAL DONOR
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
Lymphocytes
Monocyte
Platelet
