Blood

Question 0

What are the components of Blood?

Answer 0

Plasma, cell and cell fragments, Erythrocytes (red blood cells), Leukocytes (white blood cells), Platelets (fragments of none marrow cells)

Question 1

What are the functions of circulatory system functions?

Answer 1

Transport, protection, regulation.

Question 2

Blood plasma makes up how much of whole blood?

Answer 2

A little more than half

Question 3

What is serum?

Answer 3

Plasma minus solids and clots

Question 4

How much of Blood plasma is water?

Answer 4

92% by weight

Question 5

Albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, and enzymes are what?

Answer 5

Major proteins of blood plasma

Question 6

Glucose, amino acids, lactic acid, lipids, iron, trace elements, and vitamins are what components of blood plasma?

Answer 6

Nutrients

Question 7

Salts of Na, K, Ca, Cl, Mg, bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate make up what of the blood plasma composition?

Answer 7

Electrolytes

Question 8

Urea, Utica acid, creatinine, creatine, bilirubin, and ammonia

Answer 8

Nitrogen wastes

Question 9

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen make up what components of blood plasma?

Answer 9

Gases

Question 10

What is a Erythrocytes?

Answer 10

Red blood cells that carries Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 11

What are some physical traits of erythrocytes?

Answer 11

Discoid shaped

Lacks nucleus, mitochondria, and other organelles

Question 12

What do the molecules on cell the cell membrane of a erythrocytes determine?

Answer 12

Blood type

Question 13

What do the cells of erythrocytes carry?

Answer 13

Millions of hemoglobin molecules

Question 14

What is a normal range for men for RBC count?

Answer 14

4.6-6.2 million

Question 15

What is a normal RBC count for women?

Answer 15

4.2-5.4

Question 16

What is the hematocrit?

Answer 16

% of blood volume composed of RBCs

Question 17

What is the normal range of hematocrit for men?

Answer 17

45%- 52%

Question 18

What is the normal range of hematocrit a for women?

Answer 18

37-48%

Question 19

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 19

An iron-containing gas-transport protein normally found in RBCs

Question 20

Hemoglobin consist of four protein chains called?

Answer 20

Globins

Question 21

Each protein chain in a hemoglobin is bound with what?

Answer 21

Heme

Question 22

What is at the center if each heme that binds oxygen?

Answer 22

Iron atom

Question 24

What is hemopoiesis?

Answer 24

Production of blood

Question 25

Where does Myeloid hemopoiesis occure?

Answer 25

Red bone marrow

Question 26

What is Ereythropoiesis?

Answer 26

Production of RBC that originate from hemopoitic stem cells and last about 120 days

Question 27

What are the most common bllod groups?

Answer 27

ABO and Rh

Question 28

What is RH?

Answer 28

Rhesus monkey antigen, measure of antigens on memebranew

Question 29

What does plasma contain?

Answer 29

antibodies that react against foreign antigens

Question 30

What Blood type cane type O- donate to and what blood type can it recieve from?

Answer 30

Donate to all types and recieve only from O-

Question 31

What Blood type cane type O+ donate to and what blood type can it recieve from?

Answer 31

Donate to O+, A+, B+, AB+; recieve from O-+

Question 32

What Blood type cane type A- donate to and what blood type can it recieve from?

Answer 32

Donate to A-+, AB-+; recieve from O-, A-

Question 33

What Blood type cane type A+ donate to and what blood type can it recieve from?

Answer 33

Donate to A+, AB+; recieve from O-+, A-+

Question 34

What Blood type cane type B- donate to and what blood type can it recieve from?

Answer 34

Donate to B-+, AB-+; recieve from O-, B-

Question 35

What Blood type cane type B+ donate to and what blood type can it recieve from?

Answer 35

Donate to B+, AB+; receive from O-+, B-,+

Question 36

What Blood type cane type AB- donate to and what blood type can it recieve from?

Answer 36

Donate to AB-+; receive from O-, A-, B-

Question 37

What Blood type cane type AB+ donate to and what blood type can it recieve from?

Answer 37

Donate to AB+; receive from all types

Question 38

What are Leukocytes?

Answer 38

WBC

Question 39

What do WBCs protect against?

Answer 39

Pathogens

Question 40

Leukocytes migrate out of what into what?

Answer 40

Out of the blood stream and into connective tissues

Question 41

What are Agranulocytes?

Answer 41

Lymphocytes and monocyetes that lack specific granules

Question 42

What are Granulocytes?

Answer 42

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils; they gave various types of specific granules that stain conspicously and distinguish each cell tyoe from the others

Question 43

Neutrophils are what % of WBCs?

Answer 43

60-70%

Question 44

What is the mean count of neutrophils?

Answer 44

4,150 cells/ul

Question 45

What is the diameter of neutrophils?

Answer 45

9-12 um

Question 46

Which WBC: nucleus usually with 3-5 lobes in S- and C- shaped array and fine reddish to violet specific granules in cytoplasm

Answer 46

Neutrophils

Question 47

Which WBC increases in bacterial infections?

Answer 47

Neutrophils

Question 48

What are the functions of Neutrophils?

Answer 48

Phagocytize bacteria | Secrete antimicrobial chemicals

Question 49

Eosinophios are what % of WBCs?

Answer 49

2-4%

Question 50

What is the mean count of Eosinophios?

Answer 50

170 cells/ul

Question 51

What is the diameter of Eosinophios?

Answer 51

10-14 um

Question 52

Which WBC: Nucleus usually with two large lobes connected by thin strand and Large orange-pink specific granules in cytoplasm?

Answer 52

Eosinophios

Question 53

What are the functions of Eosinophios?

Answer 53

Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes, allergens, and inflammatory chemicals Secrete enzymes that weaken or destroy parasites such as worms

Question 54

What % of WBCs are Basophils?

Answer 54

<.5%

Question 55

What is the mean count of Basophils?

Answer 55

40 cells/uL

Question 56

What is the diameter of Basophils?

Answer 56

8-10 um

Question 57

Which WBC: nucleus large and irregularly shaped, but typically obscured from view Coarse, abundant, dark violet specific granules in cytoplasm

Answer 57

Basophils

Question 58

What are the functions of Basophils?

Answer 58

Secrete histamine, which increases blood flow to a tissue | Secrete heparin, which promotes mobility of other WBCs by preventing clotting

Question 59

What % of WBCs are monocytes?

Answer 59

3-8%

Question 60

What is the mean count of monocytes?

Answer 60

460 cells/uL

Question 61

What is the diameter of monocytes?

Answer 61

12-15 um

Question 62

Which WBC: Nucleus ovoid, kidney-shaped, or horseshoe shaped Abundant light violet cytoplasm with sparse, fine, nonspecific granules Sometimes very large with stellate and polygonal shapes

Answer 62

monocytes

Question 63

Which WBC fluctuates greatly from day to night, seasonally, and with phase of menstrual cycle Increases in parasitic infections, allergies, collagen diseases, and diseases of spleen and central nervous system?

Answer 63

Eosinophils

Question 64

Which WBC is relatively stable and increases in chicken pox, sinusitis, diabetes mellitus, myxedema, and polycythemia?

Answer 64

Basophils

Question 65

Which WBC increases in viral infections and inflammation?

Answer 65

Monocytes

Question 66

What are the functions of monocytes?

Answer 66

Differentiate into macrophages Phagocytize pathogens, dead neutrophils, and debris of dead cells Present antigens to activate other cells

Question 67

What % of WBCs are Lymphocytes?

Answer 67

25-33%

Question 68

What is the mean count of Lymphocytes?

Answer 68

2,200 cells/ uL

Question 69

What is the diameter of Lymphocytes?

Answer 69

Small class: 5-8 Medium class: 10-12 Large class: 14-17

Question 70

Which WBC is the nucleus round, ovoid, or slightly dimpled on one side, of uniform dark violet color

Answer 70

Lymphocytes

Question 71

Which WBC increases in diverse infections and immune responses

Answer 71

Lymphocytes

Question 72

Which WBC destroys cancer cells, cells infected with viruses, and foreign cells Present antigens to activate other cells of immune system Coordinate actions of other immune cells secrete antibodies serve in immune system memory

Answer 72

Lymphocytes

Question 73

What is Leukopoiesis?

Answer 73

Production of WBCs

Question 74

Where do Granulocytes and monocytes stay until needed?

Answer 74

red marrow

Question 75

Where do B lymphocytes and natural killer cells mature?

Answer 75

bone marrow

Question 76

Where do T lymohocytes mature?

Answer 76

thymus

Question 77

What are platelets?

Answer 77

small fragments of megakarycytes that aid in blood clotting

Question 78

What has no nucleus, but do have other organelles, an open canalicular system, and pseudopods?

Answer 78

platelets

Question 79

In addition to clot formation, functions of platelets include:

Answer 79

Vasoconstriction, clot dissolving, WBC attraction, destruction of bacteria, stimulation of mitosis for healing

Question 80

What is hemostasis?

Answer 80

Cessation of bleeding

Question 81

What does serotonin trigger?

Answer 81

vasoconstriction

Question 82

What can thrombosis cause in the ederly?

Answer 82

stroke and heart failure

Question 83

What are some Erythrocyte disorders?

Answer 83

Anemia -decreased oxygen carrying | Polycythemia-Excessive RBCs

Question 84

What are some Leukocyte disorders?

Answer 84

Leukopenia - WBC deficiency | Leukemia - high white blood cell counts