Blood: 12.2 Questions - Blood Types

Question 1

Antigens are found on the surface of the plasma membrane of the body’s cells. What are antigens?

Answer 1

Antigens are:
- also called surface markers
- carbohydrates that are present on proteins located in the plasma membrane.
- allow the body to distinguish between its own cells and foreign cells or substances.

Question 2

What are antibodies?

Answer 2

Antibodies are produced by the immune system when a foreign cell or toxin enters the body.

Question 3

Blood typing is based upon an interaction between what two large molecules?

Answer 3

Antigens and Antibodies

Question 4

What happens when the body detects an antigen of a foreign origin?

Answer 4

The immune system is activated to produce antibodies. Note: there are other responses also, but this all we learn in this class.

Question 5

The purpose of an antibody is to locate the _______________ it needs to “attack” and neutralize.

Answer 5

Antigen

Question 6

In the case of red blood cells, the antibody will attach to the surface antigens of the foreign rbc and cause a long chain of molecules. This process is called:

Answer 6

Agglutination.

Question 7

If agglutination occurs in the human body, the chain of rbcs would be trapped in the capillaries and could burst (hemolyze) and release their ______________.

Answer 7

Hemoglobin.
Free hemoglobin could block the kidney tubules and cause death from acute renal failure.

Question 8

In the ABO system of red blood cell types, the two types of antibodies are antibody-B and antibody A. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 8

True. ABO stands for the blood system that gives us Type A, Type B, Type AB and Type O blood.

Question 9

An individual who is blood type A has

Answer 9

• the A antigen on their rbcs
• the antibody B in their plasma

Question 10

An individual who is blood type B has

Answer 10

• the B antigen on their rbcs
• the antibody A in their plasma

Question 11

A individual who is blood type O has

Answer 11

• neither the A nor the B antigen on their rbcs
• both antibody A and antibody B in their plasma.

Question 12

An individual who is blood type AB has

Answer 12

• both the A and B antigen on their rbcs
• neither antibody A nor B in their plasma

Question 13

Blood or blood components drawn from a donor and placed into a recipient’s blood is the definition of:

Answer 13

Blood transfusion

Question 14

An individual who goes to the blood bank and gives a unit of blood to the blood bank is called:

Answer 14

A donor; they donate an unit of blood to be used for another individual in need.

Question 15

An individual who is transfused with a unit of blood is called the:

Answer 15

Recipient. They are the ones that “need” the blood or blood part.

Question 16

Define crossmatch.

Answer 16

The testing of blood prior to a transfusion, where the patient’s (recipient’s) plasma is mixed with the rbc’s of a donor unit of blood.

Question 17

The Rh system is another way to type red blood cells. If a person is type A and Rh positive we write the person’s ABO and Rh type as:

Answer 17

A positive blood type

Question 18

The Rh system is another way to type red blood cells. If a person is type O and Rh negative we write the person’s ABO and Rh type as:

Answer 18

O negative blood type

Question 19

The Rh system was discovered first on the _____________ monkeys, thus giving its name.

Answer 19

Rhesus