Block 5 Chemical, Biological and Radiological Warfare Flashcards
What is chemical warfare?
The employment of chemical agents intended to kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate personnel due to their physiological effect.
State the 4 types of chemical agents
Nerve
Blister
Blood
Choking
What are Nerve Agents?
Liquid casualty agents that disrupt nerve impulses to the body while damaging body functions rather than tissue.
Examples are Sarin, Tabun, Soman, and VX
What are Blister Agents?
Liquid or solid casualty agents that can cause inflammation, blisters, and general destruction of tissues which often results in temporary blindness or death
Examples are Distilled mustard, Lewisite, Phosgene Oxime, and Levinstein Mustard
What are Blood Agents?
Gaseous casualty agents that attack the enzymes carrying oxygen in the blood stream. Rapid breathing or choking may occur due to lack of oxygen in the blood
What are Choking Agents?
Gaseous or liquid casualty agents with initial symptoms that include; tears, dry throat, nausea, vomiting, and headache. The lungs can be become filled with fluid, making the victim feel as if they are drowning, causing breathing to become rapid and shallow.
What’s the purpose of M9 Chemical Agent Detector Paper?
Detects the presence of liquid chemical agents by turning a red or reddish color, it does not detect chemical agent vapors
What is the purpose of the Altropine/2-PAM-chloride Auto Injector?
Used as a specific therapy for nerve agent casualties, they are issued for intramuscular injection, self-aid or first aid.
What is Biological Warfare?
The use of agents to cause disease, sickness, or death to reduce the effectiveness of opposing combatant forces.
What is the basic division in biological agents?
Between Pathogens and Toxins.
What are Pathogens?
Bacteria, Rickettsia, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa and Prions.
What are Toxins?
Based on the organisms that produce them and the physiological affects the toxins cause in humans.
What does IPE for chemical/ biological agent environments consist of?
Protective mask MCU-2P with components Advanced Chemical Protective Garment (ACPG) Chemical Protective gloves and liners Chemical Protective overboard and laces Skin decontamination kit
What is Radiological Warfare?
The deliberate use of radiological weapons to produce widespread injury and death of all life.
Where does High altitude air burst occur?
At altitudes in excess of 100,000 feet, with ionosphere disruptions and EMP
Where does Air burst occur?
Where fireball does not reach the surface. The vacuum created collects debris caused by the severe blast damage resulting in radiation fallout.
Explain Surface Burst
Has the worst fallout due to the fireball touching the surface which results in massive radioactive fallout.
Explain Shallow underwater burst
It has a small fireball and blast wave however it causes large waves and water contamination
Explain Deep underwater burst
Similar to shallow but with less visual effect and yields greater contaminated water.
What are Ready Shelters?
Just inside the weather envelope, with access to deep shelter. Provides minimum shielding and allows crew to remain close to battle stations.
What are Deep Shelters?
Are low in the ship and near the centerline. Provides maximum shielding but often requires personnel to be far removed from battle stations.
Mopp Level 0
Issue IPE, accessible within five minutes
Mopp Level 1
Afloat: JSLIST, MASK, Gloves readily accessible
Ashore: Don protective equipment, M9 tape
Mopp Level 2
Afloat: Mask carried, decon supplies stage
Ashore: Don protective over-boots
Mopp Level 3
Afloat: GQ, install filters, Don over-boots
Ashore: Fill canteens, activate decon stations
Mopp Level 4
Afloat: Don mask/hood, Gloves, Circle William, countermeasure washdown.
Ashore: Gloves with liners, untie bow in retention cord, loop between legs and secure to web belt.
