Block 5 - Categories of movement Flashcards
What is a reflex?
Involuntary motor response in response to a stimulus in the peripheral
What is the afferent neuron carrying sensory info to the spine in a stretch reflex?
1a afferent
How many neurons form a monosynaptic loop
2
What neuron suppresses contraction of antagonist muscles?
1a inhibitory interneuron
What happens when we want to co-contract muscles, e.g. to catch a ball?
Requires higher information from brain
What is Klippel-Feil syndrome?
Bifurcation of pre-motor neurons leading to mirror movement in the other side of the body
What is hyperreflexia and what causes it?
Unregulated gain from a reflex
Injury and stroke
Name a treatment for hyperreflexia.
Intrathecal baclofen
Describe a flexion withdrawal response
Painful stimulus
Type 3 fibre
Flexion of ipsilateral
Extension of contralateral
Describe the swing phase of walking? What muscles are involved and what are there action?
Flexion - hip flexors, tibialis anterior, hamstrings
Concentric contraction for acceleration
Describe the stance phase of walking? What muscles are involved and what are their action?
Extension - glutes, triceps surae, quads
Eccentric contraction for deceleration
What muscle is controlled by a large area of the brain in walking?
Tibialis anterior
What condition prevents dorsi-flexion? And what treatment can be provided?
Foot drop/dorsiflexor paralysis
Switch on the heal - heal lifted = stimulates muscle to contract
What is the preferred method of running and what is its benefits?
Fore-foot
Produces less transient force, therefore less shock and injury
What formation initiates locomotion?
MLR in the brainstem
Can the spine initiate locomotion?
Yes, independent from higher or sensory input
Via central pattern generators
Why does it take humans longer to run a bend than a dog?
Propulsion muscles and extensor muscles coupled
Why do the eyes move?
To accommodate image onto fovea
Name the fast eye movement
Saccades - reset the eyes
Name the 4 different types of slow eye movement
VOR
OKR
Smooth pursuit
Vergence
Why is it hard to differentiate between VOR and OKR? How can we test them independently of each other?
Both stabilise image onto fovea
VOR in the dark
What is a nystagmus?
Alternating fast and slow eye movement
Do saccades find image of interest first time?
No - undershoots, then requires corrective saccade
How many neurons for the VOR?
3
