Block 4 - Reproductive Flashcards
What is bottle1501?
**1501 Penis: Squamous cell carcinoma
**
Here is a squamous cell carcinoma of the head of the penis. Note the uncircumcised state, which increases the risk for such carcinomas. The neoplasm is reddish-tan with an ulcerated surface.
Bottle 1698?
1698 Prostate: Benign prostatic hyperplasia
A normal prostate gland is about 3 to 4 cm in diameter. This prostate is enlarged due to prostatic hyperplasia, which appears nodular. Thus, this condition is termed either BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) or nodular prostatic hyperplasia.
What is bottle1705?
**1705 Bladder & prostate: Benign prostatic hyperplasia
**
Prostate with nodular hyperplasia, and bladder with hypertrophy and calculus
What is bottle 1718?
**1718 Prostate: C.A
**
These sections through a prostate removed via radical prostatectomy reveal irregular yellowish nodules, mostly in the posterior portion (seen here superiorly). This proved to be prostatic adenocarcinoma. Prostate glands containing adenocarcinoma are not necessarily enlarged. Adenocarcinoma may also coexist with hyperplasia. However, prostatic hyperplasia is not a premalignant lesion. Staging of prostatic adenocarcinoma is based upon how extensive the tumor is.
What is bottle1532?
**1532 Testis: Hydrocele
**
Here is a large hydrocele of the testis. Such hydroceles are fairly common, though most do not reach this size. Clear fluid accumulates in a sac of tunica vaginalis lined by a serosa. It is a remnant of the embryologic processus vaginalis. It may arise in association with a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. A hydrocele must be distinguished from a true testicular mass, and transillumination may help, because the hydrocele will transilluminate but a testicular mass will be opaque.
What is bottle 1548 Testis?
1548 Testis: Torsion and infarction
What is bottle1556?
1556 Testis: acute epididymitis
What is pathology bottle 1539?
1539 Testis: Abcess
What is bottle 1591?
**1591 Testis: Seminoma
**
The mass lesion seen here in the testis is a seminoma. Germ cell neoplasms are the most common types of testicular neoplasm. They are most common in the 15 to 34 age range. They may have more than one of several histologic components: seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, choriocarcinoma. The one that is most likely to be of a single histologic type is seminoma, as in the testis seen here.
1519 Testis: mixed germ cell tumor
**1519 Testis: mixed germ cell tumor
**
Here is an embryonal carcinoma of the testis. There is a rim of normal testis superiorly. The tumor is soft and much more variegated than the seminoma, with red to tan to brown areas, including prominent hemorrhage and necrosis. There is often an accompanying population of yolk sac tumor cells.
What is bottle1552?
**1552 Testis: malignant teratoma
**
Here is an embryonal carcinoma mixed with teratoma in which islands of bluish white cartilage from the teratoma component are prominent. A rim of normal brown testis appears at the left.
What is bottle1638 Vulva?
1638 Vulva: Squamous cell carcinoma
What is bottle 1575?
**1575 Uterus: Leiomyomata & adenomyosis
**
In the upper fundus of the uterus protruding into the endometrial cavity is a nodule that proved to be a leiomyoma. Thus, this is a submucosal leiomyoma. Such benign smooth muscle tumors of the myometrium are very common–perhaps at least 1 in 5, or even half of all women, has at least one. They may be the cause of irregular bleeding with menometrorrhagia, if present in a submucosal location, as seen here. Larger leiomyomas may also produce bleeding or pelvic discomfort.
What is bottle1599?
**1599 Uterus: leiomysarcoma
**
This is a leiomyosarcoma protruding from myometrium into the endometrial cavity of this uterus that has been opened laterally so that the halves of the cervix appear at the far right and left. Fallopian tubes and ovaries project from top and bottom. The irregular nature of this mass suggests that is not just an ordinary leiomyoma.
1625 Uterus: Endometrioid carcinoma
- 1625 Uterus: Endometrioid carcinoma
This uterus is not enlarged, but there is an irregular mass in the upper fundus that proved to be endometrial adenocarcinoma on biopsy. Such carcinomas are more likely to occur in postmenopausal women. Thus, any postmenopausal bleeding should make you suspect that this lesion may be present.
There are two forms of endometrial carcinoma:
**Type 1
**
* Most common type
* Related to conditions associated with hyperestrogenism: obesity, anovulatory cycles, infertility, late menopause, atypical hyperplasia
* Better prognostic features of moderate differentiation and superficial invasion
* Endometrioid microscopic pattern with glandular, cribriform, and papillary features
* Associated with PTEN gene mutation
**Type II
**
* Less than 10% of endometrial carcinomas
* Arises with endometrial atrophy
* Poor prognostic features of poor differentiation and greater invasiveness
* Serous microscopic pattern with papillary features with glands having irregular luminal borders; high mitotic rate
* Associated with TP53 gene mutation
1622 Fallopian tube & ovary: Pyosalpinx
1622 Fallopian tube & ovary: Pyosalpinx
What is bottle1678 Ovary?
1678 Ovary: Fibrothecoma with torsion
What is bottle1621?
**1621 Uterus & ovaries: bilateral papilary serous cystadenoma, peritoneal
**
This is a papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma. Note the many papillations on the inner surface. Between benign cystadenomas and malignant cystadenocarcinomas lies the grey zone of “borderline” lesions that are not clearly malignant, but are treated as though they could be.
What is bottle1606 Ovaries?
1606 Ovaries: malignant teratoma & dermoid cyst
Here are bilateral mature cystic teratomas of the ovaries. These tumors represent one form of ovarian germ cell tumor. A variety of mature, well-differentiated tissue elements may be found from all three embryologic germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm). These tumors are often called “dermoid cysts” because they are mostly cystic and mostly contain ectodermal elements, typically resulting in the abundant hair seen here.
2234 Uterus with intact chorionic membranes & foetus
2234 Uterus with intact chorionic membranes & foetus
